160 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
1.
Iachini, Aidyn Lorraine.
Factors Influencing the Provision of Autonomy-Support.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, ED Physical Activities and Educational Services, 2008, Ohio State University
► Coaches often serve a profound role in influencing the overall healthy development…
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▼ Coaches often serve a profound role in influencing the overall healthy development and well-being of children and youth. However, coaches' capacities to impact the positive development of youth sport participants often derives from their ability to adopt an autonomy-supportive interpersonal style. As such, gaining an understanding of the factors that might serve to facilitate or inhibit coaches' engagement in autonomy-supportive ways with youth is critical. Thus, the purpose of this study was to both develop and empirically test a comprehensive model of factors that might serve to influence coaches' provision of autonomy-support. The factors in the proposed research model included ego-involvement, self-determination, motivation efficacy, game strategy efficacy, technique efficacy, character-building efficacy, perception of athletes' motivation, perception of athletes' competence, external pressure, and stress. The model was tested in a sample of 353 high school coaches of team sports. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The CFA (CMIN/DF=1.86, RMSEA=.049, SRMR=.045, CFI=.957) and the SEM (CMIN/DF=1.83, RMSEA=.049, SRMR=.043, CFI=.954) supported both the measurement and structural models. Two of the ten predictors of autonomy-support were found significant. Specifically, ego-involvement and external pressure were found to negatively predict coaches' engagement in autonomy-supportive behaviors. Overall, the findings from this study suggest that athletic administrators should consider strategies to alleviate the external pressure coaches face during the course of their jobs. In addition, the findings also suggest that athletic administrators might consider providing more education to coaches regarding the impact that ego-involvement may have on their athletes overall healthy development. Implications for research also are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chelladurai, Packianathan.
Subjects: Recreation
Keywords: autonomy-support; self-determination theory; ego-involvement; external pressure
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2.
IACOBUCCI, DOMINIC.
ECOTOURISM ARCHITECTURE.
Degree: MARCH, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of), 2006, University of Cincinnati
► The world populations are becoming more aware of their impact on the…
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▼ The world populations are becoming more aware of their impact on the earth. With increasing tourism, ecotourism has become a mainstream option. Yet ecotourism remains ambiguous and highly debated. Tourists are seeking to experience cultures that are “untouched” by the everyday world. This large thirst for “untouched” environments along with the uncertainty and confusion that surrounds ecotourism is causing deception in the tourism industry. With the industry of ecotourism continually growing, there needs to be a true understanding of ecotourism. What is it? What kind of interactive environment truly represents its ideals? If the built environment fails to meet the high standards of ecotourism, then the movement of ecotourism is poised for failure. This paper will confront this relationship, and establish the criteria upon which ecotourism architecture should follow for ecotourism’s success.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jeffrey, Tilman T.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: Architecture; Ecotourism; Hawaii
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3.
Iacopelli, Natalie Marie.
Structural Analysis of 5'-Methylthioadenosine/S-Adenosylhomocysteine Nucleosidase from Helicobacter pylori for the Purpose of Drug Development.
Degree: Master of Science, Chemistry, 2009, University of Toledo
► 5’-Methylthioadenosine (MTA)/S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase is an essential enzyme for all bacteria. It…
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▼ 5’-Methylthioadenosine (MTA)/S-Adenosylhomocysteine (SAH) nucleosidase is an essential enzyme for all bacteria. It is involved in many cellular processes including: polyamine synthesis, quorum sensing, methionine metabolism, and biological methylation. 1-4 Because of the essential nature of this enzyme, MTA/SAH nucleosidase is a viable broad-spectrum antibiotic target. The gene encoding for MTA/SAH nucleosidase from Helicobacter pylori was cloned, expressed, and purified using immobilized metal affinity and size exclusion chromatography. The purified MTA/SAH nucleosidase was crystallized in native form then subjected to X-ray diffraction studies and structurally analyzed using macromolecular X-ray crystallography. MTA/SAH nucleosidase was also crystallized in two additional states: one bound to a substrate analog (Formycin-A), and one with adenine. Analysis of the three structures supports previously theorized catalytic mechanisms and models. 5,6 Also, the presence of a Tris molecule within the active site of the native and adenine-bound structures provides insight into the development of a Tris-based enzyme inhibitor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ronning, Donald.
Subjects: Biochemistry
Keywords: 5'-Methylthioadenosine, S-Adenosylhomocysteine, Nucleosidase
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4.
Iancu, Aniela Karina.
Numerical methods for pricing basket options.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics, 2004, Ohio State University
► Most of the time, when pricing financial instruments, it is impossible to…
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▼ Most of the time, when pricing financial instruments, it is impossible to find closed form solutions for their values. Finding numerical solutions for the governing pricing equations becomes therefore an appealing approach to pricing, especially since powerful desktop computers are now available. In this paper we demonstrate how two of the main numerical methods known today—the finite differences method and the Monte Carlo simulation — can be used for pricing discretely measured lookback basket options. We also take a look at one of the most competitive markets today, The Individual Variable Annuity marketplace, at some of the currently sold death benefits and how they are related to the lookback put options.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wyman, Bostwick.
Subjects: Mathematics
Keywords: Numerical Methods, Option Pricing
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5.
Iancu, Radu Vlad.
cAMP COMPARTMENTATION IN ADULT CARDIAC MYOCYTES.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Physiology and Biophysics, 2008, Case Western Reserve University
► Receptor-mediated changes in cAMP production play an essential role in hormone regulation…
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▼ Receptor-mediated changes in cAMP production play an essential role in hormone regulation of the electrical, mechanical, and metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes. However, responses to receptor activation cannot be easily ascribed to a uniform increase or decrease in cAMP activity throughout the entire cell. In the present study, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the role played by cAMP compartmentation in cardiac ventricular myocytes and the mechanisms underlying it. In the first part of this study, we used a computational approach to test the hypothesis that in ventricular myocytes the effects of β1-adrenergic receptor (β1AR) and M2 muscarinic receptor (M2R) activation involve compartmentation of cAMP. Results obtained with the developed model indicate that (1) bulk basal cAMP can be high (~1 μM) and only modestly stimulated by β1AR activation (~2 μM), but caveolar cAMP varies in a range more appropriate for regulation of protein kinase A - PKA (~100 nM to ~2 μM); (2) M2R activation strongly reduces the β1AR-induced increases in caveolar cAMP, with less effect on bulk cAMP; and (3) during weak β1AR stimulation, M2R activation not only reduces caveolar cAMP, but also produces a rebound increase in caveolar cAMP. The original model suggests that the cAMP concentration throughout most of the cell could be significantly higher than that found in PKA-signaling domains. In the second part of this study we experimentally tested this counterintuitive hypothesis using a freely diffusible fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensor constructed from the type 2 exchange protein activated by cAMP. Our results support the conclusion that even though β1 and M2 receptor activation can produce global changes in cAMP, compartmentation plays an important role by maintaining microdomains where cAMP levels are significantly below that found throughout most of the cell. In the final part of the current study, we investigated the potential mechanisms responsible for cAMP compartmentation. We conclude that both limited cAMP diffusion between the submembrane and bulk compartments and an increased level of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in the membrane compartment are necessary for generating and maintaining the type of cAMP gradients previously characterized using intracellular FRET based cAMP probes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Harvey, Robert.
Subjects: Biophysics
Keywords: cAMP, myocyte, computer model, cAMP compartments
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6.
Iancu, Violeta.
Single Molecule Switches and Molecular Self-Assembly: Low Temperature STM Investigations and Manipulations.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Physics (Arts and Sciences), 2006, Ohio University
► This dissertation is devoted to single molecule investigations and manipulations of two…
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▼ This dissertation is devoted to single molecule investigations and manipulations of two porphyrin-based molecules, chlorophyll-a and Co-porphyrin. The molecules are adsorbed on metallic substrates and studied at low temperatures using a scanning tunneling microscope. The electronic, structural and mechanical properties of the molecules are investigated in detail with atomic level precision. Chlorophyll-a is the key ingredient in photosynthesis processes while Co-porphyrin is a magnetic molecule that represents the recent emerging field of molecular spintronics. Using the scanning tunneling microscope tip and the substrate as electrodes, and the molecules as active ingredients, single molecule switches made of these two molecules are demonstrated. The first switch, a multiple and reversible mechanical switch, is realized by using chlorophyll-a where the energy transfer of a single tunneling electron is used to rotate a C-C bond of the molecule’s tail on a Au(111) surface. Here, the detailed underlying switching mechanisms are uncovered from the statistical analyses conducted over 1200 switching events together with the support of geometrically relaxed parametric calculations. The second switch, a spintronic switch, uses Co-porphyrin conformational changes to tune the spin-electron interaction between the Co atom and Cu(111) electrons. A change in the molecular conformation, from saddle to planar, leads to enhanced spin-electron coupling strength, and consequently, elevated Kondo temperatures. Self-assembly process is exploited for both the molecules and the analyses reveal important information regarding the layer growth and the electronic differences that appear due to the modified molecule-substrate environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hla, Saw W.
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter
Keywords: STM; Molecular switches; Chlorophyll-a; Kondo effect; Self-assembly
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7.
Ianetta, Melissa Joan.
Flowers rhetoric : the nineteenth-century improvisatrice tradition.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, English, 2002, Ohio State University
► Nineteenth-century literature played a central role in shaping rhetorical paradigms for Englishwomen.…
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▼ Nineteenth-century literature played a central role in shaping rhetorical paradigms for Englishwomen. Examining the development of one construct of the woman orator, the improvisatrice, in conjunction with George Campbell's The Philosophy of Rhetoric (1776) and Hugh Blair's Lectures on Rhetoric and Belles Lettres (1784), reveals how imaginative literature was a site for the production and circulation of rhetorical theory.With the 1807 publication of Germaine de Staël's Corrine, or Italy, the improvisatrice became a well-recognized representation of the private woman bringing her role as moral guardian into the public sphere. De Staël's notion of the improvising woman quickly became popular not just as a literary figure but as a supposedly authentic representation of women's oratorical processes as well. As the improvisatrice was thus seen as an enactment of a rhetorical theory, this dissertation reads works in the improvisatrice tradition alongside the rhetorical theories of Campbell and Blair. Such an approach foregrounds the manner in which the discourse of power was used to recognize woman's widening role even as it established her newly-recognized rhetorical abilities as innately inferior to man's.The inventional process of the improvisatrice rhetoric feminized Blairian belletrism and Campbellian epistemology. Reading Corinne alongside these rhetorical treatises therefore reveals a system of persuasion founded on imagination and innate taste, two key components of nineteenth-century rhetoric. Likewise, the treatment of style in the improvisatrice rhetoric reiterates related precepts from Campbell's Philosophy and Blair's Lectures. The poems of so-called English Improvisatrice Letitia Landon illustrate well the redeployment of the rhetoricians' discussion of the relation of style to musicality and the moral sublime.As demonstrated by the waning of Landon's reputation, the improvisatrice rhetoric increasingly lost popularity as the century progressed. While Charlotte Brontë's juvenilia reveal an infatuation with this system, she later critiques it The Professor and Villette. George Eliot is likewise critical of the improvisatrice rhetoric, an opinion which informs The Mill on the Floss but also "Erinna" and Daniel Deronda. As indicated by Brontë and Eliot's treatments, then, by the century's end, the improvisatrice rhetoric had fallen out of favor.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Nan.
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8.
Iannuzzi, Mariano.
Mechanisms of corrosion inhibition of AA2024-T3 by vanadates.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Materials Science and Engineering, 2006, Ohio State University
► The inhibition of Al alloy corrosion by vanadates was studied in this…
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▼ The inhibition of Al alloy corrosion by vanadates was studied in this work. Vanadium speciation is very complicated and vital to the inhibition efficacy. Critical conditions for decavanadate polymerization from clear metavanadate solutions were investigated. Decavanadate only formed when metavanadate was added to solutions of pH 3 or less. It was not possible to change the pH of a metavanadate solution without forming decavanadates, creating an orange colored solution. According to 51V NMR, monovanadates were present only in clear metavanadate solutions; orange solutions always contained decavanadates and never contained monovanadates. Orange decavanadate solutions containing 0.5 M NaCl at pH 8.71 exhibited no significant inhibition of the oxygen reduction reaction and increasing decavanadate concentration was detrimental. In contrast, clear metavanadate solutions containing monovanadate exhibited strong inhibition of the oxygen reduction reaction, to a level similar to chromate. At a fixed pH, increased NaVO3 concentration in clear metavanadate solutions increased inhibition efficiency.
Advisors/Committee Members: Frankel, Gerald S.
Keywords: Aluminum Alloys, Vanadates, Metavanadates, Decavanadates, Corrosion Inhibition, Corrosion, Oxygen Reduction
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9.
Ibarguen, Siri B.
Population connectivity: combining methods for estimating avian dispersal and migratory linkages.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 2004, Ohio State University
► We use a variety of methods to study population connectivity. In Chapter…
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▼ We use a variety of methods to study population connectivity. In Chapter 1, we use stable isotope ratios in feathers to make Bayesian inferences about the migratory connectivity between breeding and wintering grounds of Henslow’s sparrows. We use hydrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (deltaH and deltaC). We compare the deltaH and deltaC of feathers from wintering sparrows to five breeding region deltaH and deltaC to estimate the probability that each individual wintering sparrow originated from each of the five regions. Breeding bird abundances are used as prior probabilities of breeding region origin. We conclude that there are no clear linkages between specific breeding regions and wintering sites. In Chapter 2, we use three methods to estimate dispersal in Henslow’s sparrows. 1)deltaH in feathers are used to determine whether an individual breeding bird has a deltaH signature characteristic of the breeding site. 2) Song structure is used as the signature of an individual’s previous breeding-ground origin. 3) Genetic markers are used to evaluate population structure. Genetic structure is evaluated using three estimates. Fst estimates and private alleles are used to calculate the number of migrants per generation (Nm) between sites. Private alleles are evaluated to determine if they are truly private. A Bayesian clustering method is used to infer the number of populations. All methods revealed high rates of dispersal. In Chapter 3, three methods for estimating dispersal are compared: deltaH in feathers, genetic population structure, and spatial autocorrelation (SAC). We compare the dispersal estimates of five migratory species. With the SAC analysis, we find no clear evidence for dispersal as a major synchronizing agent. However, new statistical methods may allow for the parsing out the effect of dispersal. One species had historically high dispersal (limited genetic structure) but currently low dispersal (high deltaH correlations). Another species had a deltaH correlation value indicating low current dispersal. Three other species are all found to have high dispersal, both historically and currently. Comparing dispersal estimates may allow researchers to evaluate how dispersal rates have changed over time, as well as how well estimation methods agree.
Advisors/Committee Members: Waite, Thomas A.
Subjects: Biology, Ecology
Keywords: Population connectivity; Migratory linkages; Dispersal; Henslow's sparrow; Ammodramus henslowii; Spatial autocorrelation; Gene flow; Meme flow; Geographic variation in song; Private alleles; Bayesian analysis; Stable isotope ratios
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10.
Ibinson, James W.
The study of pain with blood oxygen level dependant functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Biomedical Engineering, 2004, Ohio State University
► Using blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD FMRI), the…
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▼ Using blood oxygen level dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD FMRI), the brain areas activated by pain were studied. These initial studies lead to interesting new findings in the body’s response to pain and to the refinement of one method used in FMRI analysis for correction of physiologic noise (signal fluctuations caused by the cyclic and non-cyclic changes in the cardiovascular and respiratory status of the body). These investigations will be summarized below. In the first study, evidence was provided suggesting that the multiple painful stimulations used in typical pain FMRI block designs causes attenuation over time of the BOLD signal within activated areas. The demonstrated BOLD attenuation seems unique to pain studies. One possible explanations is that changing hemodynamics caused by a physiologic response to pain alter the BOLD response. The next study began the investigation of this by monitoring the physiologic response to pain for eight subjects. It was found that respiratory rate and tidal volume increased, while heart rate, cardiac output, end-tidal carbon dioxide levels, and global cerebral blood flow all decreased. The cause of these changes appears to be a combination of short-lived sympathetic and long lasting parasympathetic nervous system activations. It is well established that changes in respiration and global cerebral blood flow can affect the BOLD response, leading to the final investigation of this dissertation. Heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were collected during a BOLD FMRI study of pain. A new technique for removing signal that covaries with the actual breathing values present during the collection of each image and with end-tidal carbon dioxide levels was introduced. This technique showed in increase in model fit of 85%, and the functional maps showed an average increase in the number of activated pixels of 6.53% over the eight subjects. Including the breathing and end-tidal carbon dioxide levels were also shown to account for the accommodation, suggesting that it may be due to the physiologic response of the body to pain.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schmalbrock, Petra.
Keywords: Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Pain; Physiologic noise; General linear modeling; Electrical nerve stimulation; Autonomic nervous system; End tidal carbon dioxide; Respiration; Cardiovascular function
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11.
Ibrahim, Abdallah I.
Design and initial validation of an instrument for measuring teacher beliefs and experiences related to inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Teaching and Learning, 2003, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study is to design and provide initial validation…
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▼ The purpose of this study is to design and provide initial validation of the Comprehensive Beliefs About Inquiry and Teaching and Learning Experiences Instrument (CBAITLEI) for measuring beliefs and experiences related to teaching and learning science through inquiry approaches. The instrument measures beliefs about the importance of inquiry for teaching and learning science, barriers to using inquiry in science classrooms, student outcomes resulting from use of inquiry approaches, and beliefs about scientific inquiry. Experts in teacher education programs and inquiry assessed content and face validity. Principal Components Analyses of participant responses were used to assess construct validity. A sample of 603 respondents was chosen based upon their varied teaching and learning experiences. One-way ANOVA with post hoc Scheffé Pairwise Comparisons were used to determine sample group differences in their beliefs about inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry and to determine the differences among these groups in their learning and teaching experiences. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients were used to detect significant relationships between learning, teaching experience and beliefs about inquiry, and scientific inquiry. Results showed significant relationships between learning and teaching experience. Teaching and learning experiences were also significantly correlated with beliefs about inquiry teaching and learning and scientific inquiry. Canonical correlations were used to determine the ability of the instrument to discriminate between groups characterized by different teaching and learning experiences. Components resulting from applying Principal Components Analyses were considered to be good discriminators for the groups sampled except for the Learning Experience in Regard to Student Role in Inquiry Classrooms component. This is evidence of construct validity of the instrument sections that measure these variables. Based upon face validity, content validity, construct validity, and concurrent validity evidence from this study, the modified versions of these instrument sections are considered to be valid, reliable, and comprehensive measures of inquiry teaching and learning factors.
Advisors/Committee Members: White, Arthur L.
Subjects: Education, Sciences
Keywords: Inquiry.; Teacher Beliefs about Inquiry Teaching and Learning.; Teaching Experience Using Inquiry Approaches.; Learning Experience Through Inquiry Approaches.; Scientific Inquiry.
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12.
IBRAHIM, ASHRAF.
COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF INTERNAL FLOW FIELD AND LINEAR AND NONLINEAR INSTABILITY OF AN ANNULAR LIQUID SHEET EMANATING FROM AN ATOMIZER.
Degree: PhD, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► Performance of fuel injectors affects the combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions and combustion…
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▼ Performance of fuel injectors affects the combustion efficiency, pollutant emissions and combustion instability in gas turbine engines, internal combustion engines and industrial furnaces. In these combustion systems, either pressure swirl (simplex) atomizers, or prefilming airblast atomizers, or plain orifice pressure atomizers are used for fuel atomization. In this dissertation, a comprehensive model for pressure-swirl atomization is developed that includes computational treatment of the internal flow field and the nonlinear liquid sheet instability analysis for primary breakup. For a prefilming airblast atomizer and a plain orifice atomizer, nonlinear breakup processes for an annular liquid sheet and a liquid jet are analyzed using a perturbation method. Two-dimensional axi-symmetric numerical simulations have been carried out to study the unsteady, turbulent, swirling two-phase flow field inside pressure swirl atomizers with the volume of fluid (VOF) method. Internal flow field simulation results are validated using available experimental data for velocity measurements inside a large-scale prototype atomizer, the film thickness at orifice exit, the spray angle, and the discharge coefficient. The effect of air pressure and liquid viscosity on flow field inside the atomizer is investigated. The relationship between the internal flow characteristics and discharge parameters confirms that the internal flow structure plays a very important role in determining the atomizer performance. Linear and nonlinear asymmetric instability analyses are carried out to study the primary atomization of annular liquid sheets and liquid jets emanating from the pressure swirl (simplex) atomizer, prefilming airblast atomizer, and plain orifice pressure atomizer using a perturbation method with the initial amplitude of the disturbance as the perturbation parameter. For a coaxial liquid jet subjected to a swirling gas stream, the axisymmetric disturbance mode (n = 0) is the most dominant only when the gas swirl number is very small. However at higher swirl strength the helical (asymmetric) disturbance modes (n > 0) become dominant compared to the axisymmetric mode. The liquid jet breaks up over a shorter distance at higher gas swirl number. The gas swirl number for transition to a highly asymmetric breakup with a high circumferential wave number (n = 5) is found to vary as the inverse of the square root of the gas-to-liquid momentum ratio when the gas-to-liquid momentum ratio is less than 1. For annular liquid sheets, the breakup length is reduced by an increase in the liquid Weber number, initial disturbance amplitude and the inner and outer gas-liquid velocity ratios. The inner gas stream is found to be more effective in disintegrating and enhancing the instability of annular liquid sheets than the outer gas stream. Air swirl not only promotes the instability of the annular liquid sheet, but also switches the dominant mode from the axisymmetric mode to a helical mode (n > 0). As outer air swirl strength increases, the circumferential wave number (n) increases and the ligament shapes at the breakup time become highly asymmetric. Using the atomizer exit conditions as input, a non-linear sheet instability and breakup analysis has been carried out to predict the breakup length and the primary breakup for a simplex atomizer. The predictions of breakup length are compared with available experimental measurements which show good agreement. The coupled internal flow simulation and nonlinear sheet instability analysis provides a comprehensive approach to modeling atomization from a pressure-swirl atomizer.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jog, Milind Dr.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Atomization, Pressure Swirl atomizer, Jet, Annular sheet, Nonlinear Instability
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13.
Ibrahim, Hala M.
A Nation In Turmoil: Is Education To Blame? An Analysis of Sudan’s National Basic Education Curriculum.
Degree: Master of Arts (MA), International Studies - Communication and Development Studies, 2006, Ohio University
► This thesis analyzes the national Basic School curriculum of Sudan and its…
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▼ This thesis analyzes the national Basic School curriculum of Sudan and its implications on national social cohesion. The research used thematic analysis to analyze the approved textbooks. The research employed qualitative interviewing to solicit information from key persons in Sudan’s curriculum development as well as educators and activists. The themes identified are patriotism, resolving conflict through violence, collectivism and cooperation, family values, environmental conservation, and discipline and compliance. The findings indicate a dominance of Arab-Muslim culture. Two opposing opinions are contested in the qualitative interviews. Officials stated that the curriculum is inclusive. All other interviewees stated that the curriculum is centered on Northern Sudan’s culture and history. In addition, Islam is emphasized in the curriculum.The research establishes that the curriculum is one-sided. Dominant groups have used education as a platform to advance a hegemonic agenda, thereby fundamentally reinforcing division and polarization within Sudanese Society.
Advisors/Committee Members: Godwyll, Francis E.
Keywords: Sudan; Conflict; Education; Culutral Hegemony; Curriculum
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14.
IBRAHIM, IRENE.
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SINGLE AND TWIN TRANSVERSE JETS IN SUBSONIC CROSSFLOW.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Aerospace Engineering, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► This Masters research is broadly divided into two sections: the first is…
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▼ This Masters research is broadly divided into two sections: the first is a study of single jets in crossflow and the second is a study of a twin jet configuration in crossflow. The single jet tests are further divided into those conducted with circular nozzle injectors and those with noncircular nozzle injectors. The circular nozzle injectors were tested in confined and unconfined flow conditions. Also, the diameter and the blowing ratio for the circular nozzle injectors, in confined and unconfined flow, were manipulated to study their effects. The noncircular nozzle injectors consisted of a triangular and a bluff geometry, each aligned in two different orientations with respect to the crossflow, which were studied and compared to the baseline circular nozzle at the same conditions. In the second main study on twin jets, the interaction between the two jets was investigated and the spacing between the injectors as well as the blowing ratio were manipulated to test their effects. All experimental work is done using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) flow diagnostics in subsonic windtunnels at various UC facilities. The behavior of the jet in crossflow in the single jet tests was characterized using the following parameters: penetration and trajectory, decay of mean centerline velocity, spreading rates of the windward and leeward jet boundaries, formation of the region of reverse flow, an approximation of the mass entrainment characteristics based on the trajectory of the jet, and an analysis of the turbulent kinetic energy of the flowfield as generated by the behavior of the jet. It was found that the penetration and the size of the reverse flow region grow with increasing blowing ratios. These effects are further magnified for increasing jet diameter. For the noncircular injector tests, additional analysis was performed pertaining to large scale structures as influenced by the properties of the boundary layers shed from the various walls of the injector nozzle. This incorporated an investigation of the vortices generated on the surfaces of the jet as well as in the flowfield. It was found here that jets injected from high aspect ratio nozzle geometries penetrate the least while those with low aspect ratios penetrate the highest into the crossflow. The curvature of the nozzle walls also has an effect on the outcome of penetration and other parameters. For twin jet tests, it was found that the presence of a second jet upstream of another jet generates a shielding effect that enhances the penetration of the rear jet or shielded jet. This shielding effect also results in a large region of reverse flow forming between the two jets compared to that formed leeward of a single jet at the same conditions. Also, the reverse flow region of leeward of the rear jet is considerably reduced due to the acceleration of the crossflow fluid as it maneuvers about the extra blockage of the front jet.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gutmark, Dr. Ephraim.
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15.
IBrahim, Tamer S.
Design of Radiofrequency Coils for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications: A Computational Electromagnetic Approach.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Electrical Engineering, 2003, Ohio State University
► The advancement of MRI as a radiological instrument has been associated with…
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▼ The advancement of MRI as a radiological instrument has been associated with a constant drive towards higher magnetic field strengths resulting in higher operational frequencies. More powerful magnets bring the promise of enhanced signal to noise ratio, exquisite resolution, and reduced scan times. At the same time however, MRI at higher frequencies adds significant engineering complexities to the MRI experiment, most notably in designing safe, versatile, and high-performance radio frequency (RF) coils. In this work, computational and theoretical electromagnetic analysis of several RF coils used in MRI are presented at Larmor frequencies that range between 64 and 470 MHz representing clinical imaging at 1.5:11 Tesla. The electromagnetic interac-tions with phantoms and anatomically detailed head models, including a developed high-resolution human head mesh, are studied at different field strengths. The com-putational tool of choice here was the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method. Combined with measurements using an 8 Tesla MRI system, currently the most pow-erful clinical magnet in the world and a 1.5 Tesla system, the FDTD method is utilized to study, analyze, and eventually design RF coils. Innovative Engineering approaches using phased array techniques are presented to improve the performance of RF head coils in terms of transverse magnetic field uniformity and reduction of specific absorp-tion rate for operation at 4.7 and 8 Tesla. Novel analytical derivations are presented to explain the source of the MR signal. The combination of the analytical derivations, FDTD modeling, experiments. and infrared imaging gives a new prospective onto the electromagnetics associated with low and high field clinical imaging.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Robert.
Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Imaging; High Field MRI; Computational Electromagnetic; Modeling; Radiofrequency Coils; Finite Difference Time Domain Method
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17.
Ice, Jane E.
AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN CINCINNATI, OHIO.
Degree: Master of Environmental Science, Environmental Sciences, 2004, Miami University
► AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN CINCINNATI, OHIO by…
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▼ AN INTERNSHIP WITH THE U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN CINCINNATI, OHIO by Jane E. Ice My internship was served between May 9, 2000 and November 14, 2000 at the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Technology Transfer and Support Division, Technology Transfer Branch, in Cincinnati, Ohio. The projects of the internship included researching and developing a Risk Communication Digest for the EPA and other environmental/public health agencies to use as a risk management tool, developing a drinking water quality index as part of a risk communication “toolkit” within the U.S. EPA’s Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) program, and becoming an active member of the U.S. EPA’s Environmental Excellence Team (EET). The EET’s goal is to bring EPA-Cincinnati employees together to: (1) examine environmental issues associated with the way we do business in our EPA workplace, (2) strive to make all employees cognizant of the impact of their day-to-day actions, (3) recognize environmental excellence, and (4) make recommendations for action to management.
Advisors/Committee Members: Green, Jerry.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
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18.
ICENHOUR, CRYSTAL RENEE PERRY.
EXPERIMENTAL EVIDENCE FOR COMPETITIVE COEXISTENCE OF TWO SPECIES OF PNEUMOCYSTIS WITHIN RAT LUNGS.
Degree: PhD, Medicine : Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► Pneumocystis burden were associated with Pneumocystis fluctuations, suggesting that the competition was…
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▼ Pneumocystis burden were associated with Pneumocystis fluctuations, suggesting that the competition was mediated by environmental factors. Microscopic analysis of rat lung sections showed that both species could exist in close apposition within the same alveoli, excluding habitat heterogeneity as a mechanism for coexistence. The immediate environment of the rat colony was surveyed for the presence of both species to find reservoirs of Pneumocystis, resulting in their identification from walls, floor, air vents, bedding, fur, and feces. Putative infective forms were isolated from air vents and oral cavities with P. carinii-specific antibody coated magnetic beads. These findings indicate that the immediate environment may harbor viable Pneumocystis. Differences between acquisition/transmission of both species were evaluated using targeted PCR of DNA from oral swabs, an ante mortem method developed to monitor P. carinii and P. ratti within the same rat. This technique could predict P. carinii infection outcome, but not P. ratti. Application of this technique showed that P. carinii could be acquired by neonatal rats within the first hour of life, but there was no evidence for vertical transmission of P. carinii by PCR analysis of fetal tissues. These studies suggested that Pneumocystis was acquired early in life. When P. carinii and P. ratti were present in the same lung, a competitive relationship occurred. Neither species was eliminated from the colony, suggesting coexistence. The competition interaction of the two species was likely influenced by environmental factors, suggesting such extrinsic conditions had an influence on the life cycle of these organisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cushion, Dr. Melanie T.
Keywords: pneumocystis; infectious disease; medical mycology
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20.
Idczak, Sue Easter.
Nursing Students' Experiences of Being and Presence: A Hermeneutic Approach.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Higher Education, 2005, University of Toledo
► An Abstract of Nursing Students Experiences of Being and Presence: A Hermeneutic…
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▼ An Abstract of Nursing Students Experiences of Being and Presence: A Hermeneutic Approach The profession of nursing is both an art and a science. Although nursing practice intertwines the art and science of nursing, nursing education focuses on the scientific behavioral outcomes of learning content knowledge and nursing skills. The behaviorist scientific curricula of most nursing schools are not congruent with nursing practice. Therefore, the outcomes of nursing education do not pedagogically match the objectives of nursing practice. Nursing educators do not know how nursing students learn to intertwine art and science, the being of nursing. The purpose of this study was to understand how student nurses make meaning of experiences of being in nurse/patient interactions. This study was conceptualized using Heidegger’s philosophy of being and Vygotsky’s social constructivist theory of learning. Heidegger’s philosophy describes being as a process or activity of existing. Vygotsky’s theory describes the learner as a constructor of knowledge who actively searches for meaning in transactional, socially-constructed situations. The participants were 28 sophomore nursing students, enrolled in a basic fundamentals course, and in the first year of clinical experiences with patients in acute care settings. The participants self-selected experiences to ejournal by answering six open-ended questions concerning their thoughts and feelings of being in nurse/patient interactions. The data were analyzed using an interpretive process true to hermeneutic phenomenology. Five themes were identified: fear of interacting with patients; developing confidence; becoming self aware; connecting with knowledge; and connecting with patients. A possible sixth theme was experiencing sacred space. The relevance of the research is the understanding of the process of learning as uncovered in the students’ experiences. Four conclusions were drawn from the study: student nurses intertwine the art and science of nursing in nurse/patient interactions; nursing education must be restructured to include a balance of the art and science of nursing; reflection and/or journal writing is a valuable way to enhance learning; and student nurses are developing identity simultaneously as a nurse and as a person. Nurse educators could therefore enhance optimum cognitive and psychological learning in the clinical and classroom environments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Poplin Gosetti, Penny.
Keywords: Nursing Students; Nursing Education; Being; Higher Education
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21.
Idris, Omonigho.
Temporal variability of riverbed conductance at the Bolton Well Field along the Great Miami River, Southwest Ohio: Characterization of riverbed sediments during low-flow conditions.
Degree: Master of Environmental Science, Environmental Sciences, 2006, Miami University
► Thirty sediment samples collected from three trenches in the Great Miami Riverbed…
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▼ Thirty sediment samples collected from three trenches in the Great Miami Riverbed during low-flow conditions were characterized to determine riverbed variability. Wet-sieve analysis was used to characterize the riverbed sediments. The riverbed was a mixture of cobbles, gravel, sand, silt and clay. Median grain-size (d50) ranged from 4.50 mm to 70.0 mm, with an average of 22.6 mm. Uniformity coefficient (Cu) ranged from 8.53 to 41.7 with an average of 27.3, indicating that the samples were all poorly to very poorly sorted. The amount of silt plus clay in the sediments ranged from 0.48 to 2.76 %, with an average of 1.34%. The shallow and deep sediment samples were not significantly different. Regression analyses showed that the amount of silt plus clay in the sediments decreased with distance from the riverbank at a p-value of 0.001. Hydraulic conductivity was estimated from grain-size analysis data using the Hazen and Shepherd methods. These overestimated hydraulic conductivity by several orders of magnitude probably because the sediments were much coarser than were intended by either method.
Advisors/Committee Members: Levy, Jonathan.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Riverbank Filtration; Hydraulic conductivity; Grain-size analysis
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22.
Idriss, Bilal.
Percolation-Based Techniques for Upscaling the Hydraulic Conductivity of Semi-Realistic Geological Media.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Earth and Environmental Sciences, 2008, Wright State University
► I tested three schemes for "upscaling" the hydraulic conductivity (K) on aquifers…
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▼ I tested three schemes for "upscaling" the hydraulic conductivity (K) on aquifers with bimodal K distributions. This bimodality (e.g., sand and mud deposits) was intended to capture typical geological conditions. Results were tested with a numerical model. Upscaling techniques used were inspired by schemes interpolating between arithmetic and harmonic means, but are based on percolation theory: 1) Critical path analysis (CPA), 2) Percolation path analysis (PPA, or standard scaling), and a novel scaling approach. Models chosen were both spatially correlated and uncorrelated, with important differences in critical percolation probabilities, Pc. Volume fractions Ps and 1-Ps (with Ps = sand volume fraction) were assigned to each mode of the distribution of K. I found that application of the requirement for CPA to interpolate smoothly between the parallel and series configurations makes it satisfactory only for Ps>Pc. PPA generally underestimates K. The novel scaling technique has the widest generality.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hunt, Allen G.
Subjects: Geology
Keywords: Percolation Theory, Critical Path Analysis, Hydrogeology, Modeling, Upscaling
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25.
Igboin, Christina.
Comparative genomic analysis and host-pathogen interactions of porphyromonas gingivalis.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Integrated Biomedical Science, 2008, Ohio State University
► It is estimated that 30% of American adults are affected by chronic…
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▼ It is estimated that 30% of American adults are affected by chronic periodontitis, which is an inflammatory disease that destroys the gums and supporting structures of the teeth. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a gram-negative obligate anaerobe, which has been strongly implicated in the etiology of the disease. Previous research has led to conflicting answers with respect to the amount of genetic variability that exists within the species. In previous studies we used heteroduplex analysis of the intergenic spacer region between the 16s and 23s rRNA genes, to type P. gingivalis strains in human plaque samples, and sequence analysis of the same region to determine the relatedness of strains to one another. The results from these studies suggest that there is a correlation between ISR sequence phylogeny, and the disease-associated phenotype of the strains. The goals of the study described in chapter 2 were to more comprehensively examine the genomic variability among strains of P. gingivalis, and to determine the relatedness of the strains to one another based on genome content. Whole genome microarray analysis was performed to compare the genomic content of 7 clinically prevalent P. gingivalis strains. 133 genes that were modified in at least one of the test strains relative to strain W83 were identified. Phylogenetic reconstruction based on the microarray results revealed that ISR sequence phylogeny and genome content phylogeny predict similar relationships among P. gingivalis strains, and that there is a strong correlation between the genomic content and disease-associated phenotype of P. gingivalis strains. The studies presented in chapters 3 and 4 focused on the development and use of a Drosophila melanogaster killing model to characterize P. gingivalis-host interactions. We demonstrate that P. gingivalis can kill Drosophila, and that differences in virulence among P. gingivalis strains can be observed in the Drosophila killing model. We also demonstrate that several P. gingivalis components that are important for pathogenesis in mammalian systems are also important for pathogenesis in the Drosophila model. Finally we identify several host components that are involved in the immune response to P. gingivalis infection, using mutant Drosophila lines.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leys, Eugene J.
Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Adult periodontitis; Drosophila melanogaster; Host-Pathogen interactions; Periodontitis
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26.
Ignatius, Myron Steve.
Zebrafish Hdac1 Is Reiteratively And Differentially Required During Neural Crest Cell Development And Hdac1 Is A Positive Regulator Of The Non Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, 2008, Ohio State University
► The neural crest is a transient embryonic cell population that contributes to…
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▼ The neural crest is a transient embryonic cell population that contributes to multiple cell types in the vertebrate embryo including chromatophores, craniofacial cartilages, neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system. Neural crest cell (NCC) development has been used extensively to explore mechanisms of cell fate specification, differentiation and migration, which more broadly illuminate mechanisms in the development of multicellular organisms. Through a combination of forward and reverse genetic approaches using mutants, morpholinos and a chemical inhibitor, I identify in vivo requirements of hdac1 (histone deacetylase1) in NCC development. The zebrafish mutant colgate (col)/hdac1 exhibits defective NCC-derived melanophore, peripheral neuron and craniofacial development. Additionally, hdac1col mutants also display defects in the extension of the body axis and the migration of branchiomotor neurons. I demonstrate that hdac1 is specifically required for melanophore and branchial arch specification. In melanophores, I define a likely mechanism regulating specification. Characterization of the hdac1col mutant craniofacial defects, suggests that hdac1 is also required for proper terminal differentiation and migration of manidubular and hyoid arch cartilages. Similarly, hdac1 is required for the differentiation of PNS-derived dorsal root ganglion (DRG), enteric and sympathetic neurons. Specifically, in sympathetic neurons, hdac1 is required for acquisition of neurotransmitter characteristics. The HDAC inhibitor trichostatinA (TSA) inhibits multiple HDACs including Hdac1. Interestingly, TSA phenocopies multiple aspects of hdac1col development, suggesting that hdac1 is an important HDAC in embryogenesis. Using TSA, I define temporal requirements of HDAC/hdac1 function during craniofacial and sympathetic neuron differentiation. In hdac1col/tfap2a mutant/morphant embryos, there are severe reductions in melanophore and craniofacial derivatives at all stages analyzed, when compared to single mutants, suggesting a new additive or synergistic genetic interaction between hdac1 and tfap2a that is required for NCC-derived melanophore and craniofacial development. Finally, activation of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway that is required for axis extension, in hdac1col mutant embryos, rescues axis extension defects. This suggests that hdac1 acts as a positive regulator of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway. Additionally, hdac1 normally regulates the caudal migration of facial hindbrain branchiomotor neurons, independently of the non-canonical Wnt/PCP pathway.
Advisors/Committee Members: Henion, Paul D.
Subjects: Molecular biology
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27.
Ignatov, Michael E.
Cis-Acting Elements in Mechanism of HIV-1 Reverse Transcription.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Chemistry, 2006, Case Western Reserve University
► HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for production of…
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▼ HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) is a multifunctional enzyme responsible for production of the integration-competent provirus. Along with RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA synthesis it catalyzes degradation of the RNA template via its RNase H activity. The biologically active form of the enzyme is a heterodimer that consists of p66 and p51 subunits. Besides RT several cis-acting elements have been designated in the RNA template sequence that help orchestrate important steps in the overall reverse transcription mechanism. This work brings attention to the thermodynamic stability of RT and its implications to the enzyme function. It also examines the RT behavior when it encounters substrates containing the central termination sequence (CTS). The existence of two different forms of RT during DNA polymerization is postulated. It is proposed that CTS slows down DNA polymerization by shuffling RT into non-productive form. Productive and non-productive forms are speculated to correspond to the structures of RT with substrate bound at the P- and N-sites. The effects of 2-AP substitutions in the polypurine tract (PPT) sequences on the efficiency and accuracy of the PPT removal was investigated. Differences in the local structures of 2-AP at –8 and –13 positions were indistinguishable by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence techniques. A new fluorescent probe with suitable photophysical properties is characterized by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. It is shown that it can be used as a simple and effective probe of the oligonucleotide hybridization state.
Advisors/Committee Members: Barkley, Mary Dicky.
Keywords: HIV-1 reverse transcription; AIDS; RT; Fluorescence; 2-aminopurine; pyrrolo-C; pre-steady-state kinetics; Polypurine tract
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29.
Ignatyev, Oleksiy.
The Compact Support Property for Hyperbolic SPDEs: Two Contrasting Equations.
Degree: PHD, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Mathematical Science, 2008, Kent State University
► In this Dissertation we investigate the compact support property of the solutions…
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▼ In this Dissertation we investigate the compact support property of the solutions of two hyperbolic stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) whose initial condition function is deterministic and compactly supported. First, we consider the hyperbolic semi-SPDE treated by Allouba and Goodman and others in Financial mathematics modelling. This is an SPDE in both time and space in which all the derivatives (including in the noise) are only with respect to the time parameter, and hence the name semi-SPDE. It turns out that, under appropriate conditions on the diffusion coefficient, the semi-SPDE preserves the compact support property. I.e., starting from a compactly supported initial solution $u_0(x)$, the solution $u(t,x)$ is compactly supported in $x$ for all times $t>0$. Second, we consider a rotated wave SPDE in time-space considered by Allouba. Our approach here is to use the Allouba stochastic differential-difference equations (SDDE) approach. In this approach, we start by discretizing space, leaving time continuous, thereby obtaining a simpler version of the SPDE under question. We then resolve the question for the SDDE (or SPDE on the spatial lattice) and then use a limiting argument – -as the mesh size of the spatial lattice goes to zero – -to transfer regularity results to the associated SPDE. We also prove a noncompact support result for the SPDE. It turns out that in the rotated wave SPDE case, the compact support property is not preserved with positive probability. The contrast between the two SPDEs' behaviors is due to the extra differentiation in space in the second SPDE which plays a crucial role in the behavior of solutions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Allouba, Hassan.
Subjects: Mathematics
Keywords: Stochastic Partial Differential Equations, Compact Support Property.
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30.
Igriczi-Nagy, Margarita.
The commentary of Saint Robert Bellarmine on Psalm 118 in the Explantio in Psalmos.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Classics, 2007, Ohio State University
► This thesis examines the commentary of Saint Robert Bellarmine on Psalm 118…
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▼ This thesis examines the commentary of Saint Robert Bellarmine on Psalm 118 in his work, the Explanatio in psalmos, a commentary on the 150 psalms of the Psalter written in Latin. Psalm 118 is the longest psalm consisting of 176 verses, organised into 22 strophes, with eight verses per strophe. The law of God is the subject of this acrostic psalm. The examination is focused on the manner in which Saint Robert Bellarmine delivers his message, in terms of structure, style, language, and the use of sources. In looking at the structural aspects, the relative length of the commentary for the strophes, and the nature of subtitles are scrutinised. In stylistic considerations the overall features and the uses of stylistic devices are examined. In the use of sources we look at how, where, and why Saint Robert Bellarmine uses scriptural quotations, cites other authors, and discusses the Greek and Hebrew equivalents of selected phrases. All instances of use of sources and stylistic devices are listed and commented upon. Comparisons also are made with the methodology of other authors commenting on Psalm 118, namely Saint Augustine, most frequently cited by Saint Robert Bellarmine and Saint Jerome, the author of Gallican Psalter. References are made to the commentary of Callan, a twentieth-century author. To promote better understanding of this work, related matters, such as biographical details about Saint Robert Bellarmine, Saint Augustine and Saint Jerome is also given as well a presentation in the Psalter, its theme, language and liturgical importance. The conclusion focuses on the identity of intended audience and the benefits of studying good Latin texts. Besides greatly benefiting priests and religious who use the Psalter in their daily payers, the intended audience includes Protestants as well, since Saint Robert Bellarmine demonstrates makes such frequent use of Saint Augustine, who is greatly respected by Protestants. Recommendations are made for promoting Latin literacy and methods of commenting on Latin texts are suggested, which would promote this aim.
Advisors/Committee Members: Coulson, Frank T.
Keywords: Saint Robert Bellarmine; Explanatio in psalmos; Psalm 118
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