501 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [17]
1.
Nachbauer, Cheryl Ann.
DISASTER RELIEF STRATEGY: Appropriating Abandoned Big Boxes.
Degree: MARCH, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► “Give a man a safe home and you have housed his family…
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▼ “Give a man a safe home and you have housed his family – but train him how to build his own safe house and you have housed his family, and very probably his children’s families, and his relatives and friends.” - Ian Davis Natural disasters of any magnitude present an opportunity for adaptability and change. This thesis proposal will examine a disaster relief strategy that appropriates abandoned big boxes to provide immediate temporary, short term, and long term shelter. This thesis will focus on a hypothetical worst-case natural disaster scenario, to permit the proposed design to be easily scalable to handle disasters of any magnitude and apply to various global applications. The methodology includes a time frame of escorting the affected individuals through four disaster relief stages: removal, relocation, reconstruction and recovery. Cincinnati, Ohio, was chosen as the prototype for the disaster relief site due to the accessibility of abandoned big boxes, the lack of a permanent housing disaster plan, and the history of repeated flood damage resulting in numerous homeless individuals. Abandoned big boxes will be appropriated so that individuals will obtain immediate shelter where their basic needs will be met, so that the process of reconstruction and recovery can begin. Temporary and short-term residents will be housed until they can either return to their original dwelling or it has been appropriately repaired. Through the customization of prefabricated pods, aluminum framing systems, and structural insulated panels, long-term residents will participate in transforming the existing infrastructure of an abandoned big box into a personalized home that will evolve into a collective community.
Advisors/Committee Members: Williamson, Rebecca.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: Disaster Relief, Appropriation, Abandoned Big Box, Prefabrication, Kit-of Parts, Trauma Recovery, Community, Attachment
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2.
Nadas, Janos Istvan.
Computational Structure Activity Relationship Studies on the CD1d/Glycolipid/TCR Complex using AMBER and AUTODOCK.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Chemistry, 2009, Ohio State University
► The human immune system is very powerful and whose one function is…
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▼ The human immune system is very powerful and whose one function is to detect and eliminate foreign, pathogenic compounds that enter the body. The conventional major histocompatibility complexes (MHC) are able to bind peptides and present them to the T-cell lymphocytes thereby allowing the cell to communicate whether it is healthy or has been compromised. A different category of T-cell known as natural killer T (NKT) cells play an important role in bridging the innate and the adaptive immune systems, where NK cells and conventional T-cells exist, respectively. The innate immune response of these specific NKT cells has been associated with tumor rejection activities with the adaptive immune response being associated with protection against primarily bacterial infections, but also with viral and parasitic attacks. These NKT cells are also unique in that their T-cell receptor (TCR) proteins recognize foreign glycolipid antigens, not peptides, presented by MHC-I like Cluster of Differentiation 1 (CD1) molecules. The marine-sponge derived glycolipid α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) has so far been the most potent iNKT stimulatory ligand when presented by the CD1d protein. It is more than unusual that an α-glycolipid derived from a marine sponge could yield such a massive immune response in humans, since it is doubtful that humans have evolved with a defense mechanism against a possible invasion of marine sponges. Currently, the glycosphingolipids from the alpha-proteobacteria Sphingomonas are considered the natural foreign ligands for the system since they were found to activate iNKT cells but to a lesser degree than α-GalCer. The massive immune response cascade that follows after CD1d presentation of a glycolipid to iNKT cells has yielded a search for a better ligand with either comparable activity as α-GalCer but with less of its pharmaceutical hindrances or a ligand that can control the immune response. To date, superficial structure-activity relationships have been defined wherein modifications to either the sphingosine chain or acyl chain of the lipid can lead to a bias in the immune response, and modifications to the galactose sugar have led to null activity. Herein, this scientific project entailed the use of computational means to determine how the TCR protein of iNKT cells can differentiate so selectively between glycolipids presented by the CD1d protein in order to be able to design a better ligand for the system. Molecular dynamics simulations using AMBER found the crystallized CD1d/α-GalCer/TCR tertiary complex to be stable and relatively rigid in explicit solvent. A combination of high-level docking with AUTODOCK and simulation showed that modifications to the 2´- and 3´- positions of the galactose sugar are indeed not tolerated, whereas, modifications to the 4´- position were semi-tolerated. The simulations of CD1d/glycolipid binary complexes showed that glycolipids incapable of stimulating iNKT cells changed the direction of the CD1d residues that interact with TCR away from optimum orientation. Lastly, the evidence of a non-glycolipid ligand activating iNKT cells led to an undertaking of a virtual screening program to find a replacement for the galactose sugar yielding a library of viable aromatic-based lipid ligands.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Peng.
Subjects: Biophysics; Chemistry; Immunology
Keywords: α-galactosylceramide; CD1d; TCR; computational; molecular dynamics; AMBER; AUTODOCK
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3.
Nadauld, Taylor D.
Essays in Real Estate Finance.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Business Administration, 2009, Ohio State University
► The first essay in the dissertation analyzes the structure and attributes of…
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▼ The first essay in the dissertation analyzes the structure and attributes of subprime mortgage-backed securitization deals originated between 1997 and 2007. Our data set allows us to link loan-level data for over 6.7 million subprime loans to the securitization deals into which the loans were sold. We show that the securitization process, including the assignment of credit ratings, provided incentives for securitizing banks to purchase loans of poor credit quality in areas with high rates of house price appreciation. Increased demand from the secondary mortgage market for these types of loans appears to have facilitated easier credit in the primary mortgage market. To test this hypothesis, we identify an event which represents an external shock to the relative demand for subprime mortgages in the secondary market. We show that following the SEC’s adoption of rules reducing capital requirements on certain broker dealers in 2004, five large deal underwriters disproportionately increased their purchasing activity relative to competing underwriters in ZIP codes with the highest realized rates of house price appreciation but lower average credit quality. We show that these loans subsequently defaulted at marginally higher rates. Finally, using the event as an instrument, we demonstrate a causal link between the demand for mortgages in the secondary mortgage market and the supply of subprime credit in the primary mortgage market. The second dissertation essay examines the corporate governance of international real estate firms. With the passage of real estate investment trust (REIT) legislation in numerous countries around the world, more public and private real estate firms can choose between organizing themselves as a REIT, or a real estate operating company (REOC). REITs pay virtually all net income to shareholders in the form of dividends and are regulated in their investment policy, leverage, ownership, and operations to varying degrees. This paper considers the possibility that controlling shareholders of public real estate firms adopt REIT status as a credible commitment to increased levels of investor protection. Theory predicts that REITs are valued at a premium to otherwise similar REOCs, which I test using a sample of publicly traded real estate firms from 16 countries around the world. Surprisingly, I find that REITs are valued at a discount to REOCs. I briefly explore possible explanations for the result. Finally, I provide limited evidence consistent with an alternative hypothesis, which proposes that managers may be less likely to adopt REIT status if they have more valuable properties under management and a high level of inside ownership.
Advisors/Committee Members: Karolyi, Andrew.
Subjects: Finance
Keywords: Securitization, Subprime Mortgages, REITs, Corporate Governance
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5.
Nadella, Murali Vara Prasad.
Expression and regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein during lymphocyte transformation and development of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy in lymphoma.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Veterinary Biosciences, 2007, Ohio State University
► Although adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is caused due to infection with human…
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▼ Although adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is caused due to infection with human T-lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), cellular events besides HTLV-1 infection are required for transformation of T-cells. HTLV-1 Tax plays an important role in the transformation of lymphocytes; however, the exact mechanisms remain unclear. Parathyroid hormone-related protein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy observed in the majority of ATLL patients. PTHrP is also up-regulated in HTLV-1-carriers and normocalcemic ATLL patients. Using long-term co-culture assays, herein we reported that PTHrP and its receptor (PTH1R) were highly expressed during HTLV-1-mediated immortalization of lymphocytes. Co-transfection assays with HTLV-1 and PTHrP reporter plasmids showed that HTLV-1 mildly up-regulated PTHrP expression indicating that other cellular factors or events are required for increased expression of PTHrP in ATLL cells. The PTHrP gene is regulated by three promoter regions (P1, P2, and P3). We characterized an NF-êB binding site in the P2 promoter of human PTHrP and detected a specific complex in Tax-expressing human T-cells composed of p50/c-Rel, and two distinct complexes in ATLL cells consisting of p50/p50 homodimers and a second unidentified protein(s). Furthermore, we showed inhibition of NF-êB activity with Bay 11-7082 decreased PTHrP P2 promoter-initiated transcripts. Finally we developed a comparative xenograft model of canine T-cell lymphoma with hypercalcemia. Quantitative RT-PCR of T-cell lymphoma samples from hypercalcemic canine patients showed that PTHrP likely plays a central role in the pathogenesis of HHM and that hypercalcemia is the result of a combinatorial effect of different hypercalcemic factors. We monitored in vivo tumor progression and metastases in the mouse model by transducing the lymphoma cells with a lentiviral vector that encodes a luciferase-yellow fluorescent protein reporter and showed that in vivo trafficking patterns in this model were similar to that seen in dogs. These data demonstrated that 1) PTHrP and its receptor were markedly up-regulated during HTLV-1-mediated immortalization of lymphocytes 2) The PTHrP P2 promoter was regulated by NF-êB pathway in HTLV-1-infected and ATLL cells 3) Hypercalcemia in canine T-cell lymphoma patients was multifactorial and PTHrP plays an important role in the pathogenesis of HHM
Advisors/Committee Members: Rosol, Thomas J.
Subjects: Biology, Veterinary Science
Keywords: HTLV-1, ATLL, HHM, PTHrP, Canine lymphoma, Xenograft, Bioluminescent imaging
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6.
Nadella, Ramya.
Biosynthesis of Xyloglucan in Grasses and Identification of Endosperm Developmental Phases in Wheat Seeds.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Plant Biology (Arts and Sciences), 2007, Ohio University
► Xyloglucans are the major hemicellulosic polysaccharides in the primary cell walls of…
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▼ Xyloglucans are the major hemicellulosic polysaccharides in the primary cell walls of dicots and non-graminaceous monocots but small amounts are also seen in the walls of grasses. They serve as cross-linkers of cellulose microfibrils and maintain the structural integrity of the cell.Xyloglucan biosynthesis mechanism is well understood and many biosynthetic genes have been identified in dicots. However this process is not known in grasses where structural differences in xyloglucan exist. Thus, this study aimed to investigate xyloglucan biosynthesis in grasses by functionally characterizing some xyloglucan biosynthetic genes, particularly the xylosyltransferases from wheat and rice. Wheat (TaGT34-7) and rice (OsGT34-3) homologs of Arabidopsis xyloglucan-xylosyltransferase (AtXT1) gene were previously identified using a bioinformatic script developed by Faik et al. (2006). The full-length cDNAs encoding TaGT34-7 and OsGT34-3 proteins were expressed in Pichia pastoris and Drosophila S2 expression systems, but the proteins did not show xylosyltransferase activity in Pichia pastoris and a low activity in Drosophila S2 cells. Further optimization is required to fully identify the function of these two proteins. In another study, the endosperm developmental phases were identified in developing wheat seeds using sectioning and light microscopy. Cell walls of wheat endosperm have ~70% (w/w) of arabinoxylan (AX), 20% (w/w) of mixed linked glucan (MLG), and only 5% (w/w) of cellulose. MLG and AX are deposited during cellularization and differentiation phases of the endosperm development, respectively. To identify the putative glycosyltransferase genes involved in the biosynthesis of these polymers (AX, MLG), it was necessary to first identify the endosperm developmental phases namely cellularization and differentiation phases at which they are deposited. Fresh wheat seeds were collected and their endosperm developmental phases were investigated using sectioning and light microscopy methods. Also, starch deposition was monitored using polarized light microscopy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Faik, Ahmed.
Subjects: Biology, Plant Physiology
Keywords: Xyloglucan; Grasses; Wheat; Rice
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8.
Nadian, Behrooz.
A unified tribological model for different regimes of lubrication and rub/impact phenomena in rotor dynamics.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Mechanical Engineering, 1995, Case Western Reserve University
► The research presented in this dissertation has produced an accurate unified tribological…
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▼ The research presented in this dissertation has produced an accurate unified tribological model to determine the fluid film and interacting forces between rotor and stator based on a realistic rough surface model. It also provides an overall solution strategy for calculation of forces for rotor-bearing interactions applied in the analysis of nonlinear rotordynamics problems. Surface roughness is generated computationally and, by using an average flow model, allows effects of surface roughness with different geometries on journal bearing performance to be analyzed. A mathematical model is developed for mixed lubrication and asperity contact in order to evaluate the asperity contacts loading, friction force, real contact area and fraction of journal bearing load capacity by asperity contact. A mathematical model for boundary lubrication in journal bearings has also been developed to determine the normal and traction contact forces. Stribeck type friction diagrams for different regimes of lubrication are computed and are in a good agreement with published experimental results. The rotor dynamics rub phenomena studied is based on a boundary lubrication model and shows routes to chaos. Surface parameter effects, such as roughness and hardness on rotor casing interacting forces are analyzed. By implementing the developed models for different regimes of lubrication in journal bearings, the transient dynamic analysis of a rotor in fluid film bearings has been studied based on realistically rough surfaces. Dynamical responses of the rotor in the presence of roughness indicates that a decrease of viscosity intensifies the influence of roughness in rotor trajectory and interacting forces. In the mixed lubrication region, short bearings are more influenced by surface roughness variation, compare to the long bearings. However, in the boundary lubrication region, all sizes of bearings are influenced by surface roughness variations
Advisors/Committee Members: Adams, M. L.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Rotor dynamics, lubrication and rub/impact phenomena
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9.
NADIMPALLI, GAYATRI.
ESTIMATING LEAKS IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS BY SEQUENTIAL STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS FLOW READINGS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Environmental Engineering, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► Leakage in water distribution pipes is a major problem faced by the…
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▼ Leakage in water distribution pipes is a major problem faced by the water industry. Water utilities often employ traditional audit methods to estimate water lost as leakage. Many hydraulic models have also been developed in the recent past to estimate leakage rates and locate leaks. However, water audits give an approximate estimate of the leakage rates and the mathematical models can be applied under certain hydraulic conditions only. In this thesis, a new method is presented for detecting the magnitude of leaks in residential service zones of a drinking water distribution system. It is assumed that continuous measurements of flow rates through the main supply line into a residential service zone are available during periods of low use. The procedure involves computing the sample mean and variance from the set of measured flow rates as these flows are truncated progressively from below. Trajectories of the sample statistics and their derivatives are plotted versus the level of data truncation. In the presence of leaks, these trajectories diverge from their expected theoretical path when plotted on a standardized graph derived from a mixed truncated normal distribution. The point of departure on the standardized graph indicates where the truncation threshold matches the maximum rate of network leakage. A performance limit for the proposed method is derived to account for spatial constraints reflecting network size and time constraints arising from interval averaging. A simple example is presented first where the leakage is assumed to be of constant magnitude. The leak analysis is then extended to a more complicated case where pressure fluctuations in the distribution system add a statistical noise to the flow measurements. Results show that the method developed in this thesis estimates leakage rates quite accurately even in the presence of statistical noise. The method can be used to estimate leakage rates in branching mainlines or residential District Metering Areas (DMAs) where flows can be measured continuously for a sufficiently long period of time.
Advisors/Committee Members: Buchberger, Dr. Steven G.
Keywords: water distribution systems; leaks; mixed truncated normal distribution; district metering areas; stagnation probability
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10.
Nadkarni, Aditi A.
Functional analysis of the Rad51d (E233G) breast cancer associated polymorphism and a pharmacogenetic evaluation of RAD51D status.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Sciences (Ph.D.), College of Graduate Studies, 2008, University of Toledo Health Science Campus
► RAD51D performs functions in homologous recombination and telomere maintenance, two genome stabilization…
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▼ RAD51D performs functions in homologous recombination and telomere maintenance, two genome stabilization mechanisms. A gene variant in the human RAD51D gene that replaced glutamic acid (E) to glycine (G) at amino acid position 233 was identified as a low penetrance allele in high-risk familial breast cancer cases not associated with either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. This dissertation describes the effects of this variant allele on RAD51D protein interactions and function. Surprisingly, the Rad51d (E233G) polymorphism increased cellular resistance to the DNA damaging agents, mitomycin C, cisplatin, UV light and methyl methane sulfonate as well as to the microtubule inhibitor taxol in mouse cells. Additionally, the Rad51d (E233G) variant reduced the anaphase bridge index, a telomere dysfunction correlate, and conferred increased cellular proliferation, suggesting that this variant may affect telomere function. Protein interaction, measured by yeast-2-hybrid analysis, demonstrated a two-fold decrease in interaction between RAD51C and RAD51D-E233G, while normal levels of interaction between XRCC2 and the variant were maintained. Molecular modeling suggested that the glutamic acid-233 forms a salt bridge with lysine-23 in the N-terminal domain of RAD51D, and the E233G substitution may disrupt an inter-domain interaction. This indicated that the breast cancer associated E233G amino acid change affected RAD51D protein interactions and function. The effect of this variant was further tested in three human breast cancer cell lines, BT- 20, T47D and MCF-7. Interestingly, Rad51d (E233G) conferred increased cisplatin resistance and cell growth in breast cancer cells with a mutant p53 (BT20 and T47D) but not with a functional p53 (MCF-7). Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin alpha treatment rescued this phenotype in the MCF-7 cell lines suggesting that the effect was p53-dependent. Additionally, Rad51d (E233G) conferred an increase in the cisplatin resistance selectively of the MCF-7 cells in which p53 expression was stably knocked down by siRNA, further supporting the p53-dependent effect of the variant. These studies indicate that the E233G variant affects RAD51D protein interactions and functions and confers p53-dependent cisplatin resistance in breast cancer cell lines. This study is the first to analyze the functional effects of a clinically relevant RAD51D amino acid substitution. Since RAD51D functions in at least two possible mechanisms of chemoprotection, HR and telomere protection further study of this variant will provide insight into which cellular mechanism involving RAD51D functions in cellular response to anticancer agents. Ellagic acid is a dietary polyphenol currently being investigated for its anticarcinogenic as well as chemoprotective effects. A study described in the Results section of this dissertation describes the effects of mammalian Rad51d-gene status on cellular response to ellagic acid. Selective cytotoxicity of ellagic acid towards Rad51d-deficient cells with an HR defect and chromosomal instability provides preliminary evidence of a potential anticancer effect of ellagic acid that involves HR repair. The findings detailed in this dissertation characterize a role for RAD51D in chemoresistance and propose the potential of this HR player as a molecular target for anticancer therapy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pittman, Douglas.
Subjects: Genetics; Oncology; Pharmacology
Keywords: DNA Repair; DNA Damage; cancer; genomics; chemotherapy; pharmacogenetics
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11.
Nadkarni-DeAngelis, Radha Bhaskar.
Clinical Course of Children with a Depressive Spectrum Disorder and Transient Manic Symptoms.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 2009, Ohio State University
► The present study (Multi-family Psychoeducation Group) provides 18-month longitudinal follow-up of children…
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▼ The present study (Multi-family Psychoeducation Group) provides 18-month longitudinal follow-up of children diagnosed with depressive spectrum disorder (DSD; major depressive disorder and/or dysthymic disorder) who present with clearly demarcated transient manic symptoms (TMS) of insufficient number or duration to be diagnosed with a bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSD; Bipolar-I, Bipolar-II, Cyclothymia, Bipolar-Not Otherwise Specified). Assessments were conducted at four time points, baseline (Time 1), 6 months (Time 2), 12 months (Time 3) and 18 months (Time 4). At Time 1 there were 115 participants in the BPSD group, 37 in the DSD + TMS group, and 13 in the DSD group. Due to sample attrition in the DSD + TMS and DSD groups, at Time 2 these two groups had 38 participants, at Time 3, 35 participants, and at Time 4, 33 participants. Measures that assessed socio-demographic variables, IQ (Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test), mood and co-morbid diagnoses (Children’s Interview for Psychiatric Syndromes – Child and Parent form [ChIPS/P-ChIPS]), clinical presentation (Mania Rating Scale, Children’s Depression Rating Scale – Revised, Children’s Global Assessment Scale, duration of prodromes), family environment (Coddington’s Life Events Scale, Expressed Emotion Adjective Checklist) and family history (Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria, Parental Mood Severity Index [calculated using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and Mania Rating Scale]) were collected at Time 1. I hypothesized that: 1) at Time 1, children with DSD + TMS will have lower C-GAS scores than children with DSD but higher scores than children with BPSD; 2) children with DSD + TMS at Time 1 will convert to BPSD at follow-up at a higher rate than children with DSD at Time 1; 3) conversion rates differed will not differ for DSD + TMS participants regardless of treatment status; 4) children with DSD + TMS at Time 1 who convert to BPSD at follow–up (converted group) will have greater impairment in clinical presentation, family environment and/or family history compared to children with DSD + TMS at Time 1 who do not convert (non-converted group). A secondary hypothesis was: the converted group will be more impaired on components of clinical presentation, family environment and/or family history than the non-converted group. Hypothesis 1, 3 and 4 were not supported. Hypothesis 2 was supported. The conversion rate from DSD + TMS to BPSD was 48% whereas the conversion rate from DSD to BPSD was 12.5% suggesting that TMS in a DSD population is a risk factor for conversion. This is particularly important, as pharmacologic treatments for children with depression and/or ADHD can destabilize children with bipolar disorder (Geller et al., 1992; Reichart & Nolen, 2004). Contrary to the hypothesis, for DSD + TMS participants, the one year wait-list control group (WLC) conversion rate was 60% whereas the immediate treatment group (IMM) conversion rate was 16% suggesting that psychosocial treatment may be beneficial. The secondary hypothesis was supported only for C-GAS scores. The converted group had lower C-GAS scores at Time 1 than the non-converted group. Clinical descriptions of converters and non-converters, limitations, clinical implication and future research ideas are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fristad, Mary.
Subjects: Psychology
Keywords: depression; mania; hypomania; irritability; children; conversion; bipolar disorder; depressive disorder; aggression; medication; dysthymia; major depressive disorder; risk factors; family history; family environment; clinical presentation; C-GAS; ADHD; tr
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12.
Nadkarni, Suhita.
Dynamics of Dressed Neurons: Modeling the Neural-Glial Circuit and Exploring its Normal and Pathological Implications.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Physics (Arts and Sciences), 2005, Ohio University
► It is now established that glial cells are active partners to neurons…
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▼ It is now established that glial cells are active partners to neurons in the nervous system. Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cell, through characteristic calcium based excitability are able to integrate the activity of neurons and thereby modulate their normal function. Quantifiable coupling schemes were developed to incorporate the role of astrocytes in neuronal dynamics. The coupling mechanism between the two cells is dynamic, bidirectional and is based on experimental data. It takes place at two distinct time scales, with the calcium activity in astrocytes occurring in seconds while the electrical activity in neurons in milliseconds. Because of the extent of their influence on neuronal dynamics astrocytes can also be thought to play a crucial role in certain neurological disorders. Basic, yet physiologically relevant circuits were constructed to explore the consequences of aberrations in neuron astrocyte coupling. Our results suggest that stronger coupling between the two cells, which takes the form of upregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) by a factor of few tens in astrocytes in our model, makes the neuron hyperexcitable and leads to self sustained (seizure like) oscillations. This prediction is consistent with the experimental observation of 20-30 times more mGluRs seen on astrocytes of epileptic tissue. Further, inhibition by interneurons in the hippocampus is an essential mechanism. The complex dichotomy of excitation and inhibition defines the normal dynamics of the brain. The inhibitive action of interneurons is also thought to provide a vital first line of defense in pathological conditions like epilepsy. The effect of local inhibition on a hyperexcitable system with enhanced astrocytic coupling was examined and it was inferred that local inhibition is unlikely to remedy the hyperexcitable system. Under normal physiological conditions astrocytes are seen to strengthen spontaneous activity of neurons, a mechanism said to be involved in plasticity and learning. Our model is able to quantitatively mimic this pattern of marked increase of spontaneous activity due to the astrocyte. Synaptic transmission is the central pathway through which information processing is carried out. The role of astrocytes in potentiating synaptic transmission was studied. The simulations carried out are a pointer to astrocytes, as playing a role in enhancing signal transmission.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jung, Peter.
Subjects: Biophysics, Medical
Keywords: Astrocyte Neuron Interaction; Modeling Neural Glial Circuits; Astrocytes; Neurons; Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors
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13.
Nadler, Laurie Sue.
GABA(A) receptor subunit expression and assembly in rat cerebellar neurons.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Pharmacology, 1996, Case Western Reserve University
► The GABAA receptor mediates the action of γ-aminobutyric acid, the major inhibitory…
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▼ The GABAA receptor mediates the action of γ-aminobutyric acid, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS. Multiple receptor subtypes, with distinct subunit compositions, exist in the brain. While 16 different receptor subunits have been identified by molecular cloning, the α1, β2/3, and γ2 subunits are thought to form a major GABAA receptor population. To understand how GABAA receptors are assembled and how their expression is regulated, we analyzed the α1, β2/3, and γ2 subunit polypeptides in the cerebellum and in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. The expression of GABAA receptor subunit polypeptides was examined using subunit-specific antibodies. In the cerebellum, β2/3 and γ2 polypeptide expression increased several-fold during the second and third postnatal weeks. Moreover, levels of the β2/3 and γ2 polypeptides increased between 2 and 6 days in cultured cerebellar granule neurons. These patterns were very similar to those previously determined for their encoding mRNAs. However, expression of the α1 subunit was more complex. Two α1-related polypeptide species of Mr 39 kDa and 51 kDa d isplayed reciprocal temporal profiles in cultured granule neurons, despite no significant change in the α1 mRNA level. Additional findings demonstrated that the 39 kDa polypeptide is also present in vivo and suggested that it is a novel form of the α1 subunit which contains a shortened N-terminal domain. These studies suggest that GABAA receptor subunit expression is regulated in part at the level of the mRNA, although α1 subunit expression may also be regulated at the level of receptor assembly. The relationship between subunit polypeptide expression and that of GABAA receptor complexes was assessed in radioligand binding assays. These studies showed that levels of receptor complexes increase in parallel with the 51 kDa α1, β2/3, and γ2 subunits both in vivo and in culture. Moreover, immunoprecipitation studies suggested the physical association of these subunits in one type of receptor oligomer. However, pharmacological experiments demonstrated the presence of multiple GABAA receptor subtypes in cultured granule neurons. Taken together, this work provides a first step towards the elucidation of GABAA receptor composition and assembly in identified neurons
Advisors/Committee Members: Siegel, Ruth E.
Subjects: Biology, Neuroscience
Keywords: Cerebellum; Neurons; Receptors, GABA-A
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14.
Nadolnyak, Denis Alexandrovic Jr.
Three essays on the economics of agricultural biotechnology.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, 2003, Ohio State University
► This dissertation consists of three essays on the economics of agricultural biotechnology.…
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▼ This dissertation consists of three essays on the economics of agricultural biotechnology. In the first essay, “A Model of Diffusion of Genetically Modified Crop Technology in Concentrated Agricultural Processing Markets - The Case of Soybeans”, a dynamic model of diffusion of a genetically modified crop technology is developed and simulated. The model accounts for factors specific to agricultural markets, such as oligopsony power of crop processors, grower characteristics, and identity preservation requirements. It is found that market power of crop processors decreases the equilibrium adoption levels and prolongs the diffusion period. Producer uncertainty and perception of the risks associated with planting GM crops increases equilibrium adoption levels but lengthens the diffusion period, and producer heterogeneity with respect to new crop profitability may have different effects on the diffusion process. The second essay is called “Valuation of International Patent Rights for Agricultural Biotechnology”. In it, the choices that biotechnology companies make about marketing different genetically modified (GM) crops in different countries with highly uncertain returns are modeled as a real option problem of the entry decision solved at a micro-level by individual firms. A computational solution to the model produces distributions of entry probabilities that are determined by different market and regulatory environments. These proportions are compared to the actual data on incidences of biotech firms entering foreign markets with different GM crops, and conclusions about the distribution of patent values, returns evolution, and efficiency of local IPR protection are drawn. In the third essay, “Patent Policy Analysis for the Case of Agricultural Biotechnological Innovations”, certain peculiarities of the process of development of agricultural biotechnological innovations are considered, in particular the distinction between an RandD race for an event discovery and subsequent competition for developing the discovery’s marketable applications. A formal model is specified and analyzed with regard to how different patent protection policies affect firms’ RandD strategies and social surplus from innovations. It is found that inclusive scope patent protection encourages more RandD and faster innovation diffusion than additional scope protection, which is superior to length protection.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sheldon, Ian M.
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15.
Nadour, Alaa M.
MBG - Induced EMT.
Degree: Master of Science in Biomedical Sciences (MSBS), College of Graduate Studies, 2007, University of Toledo Health Science Campus
► Interest and research in Epithelial-mesenchymal transition are currently growing at a high…
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▼ Interest and research in Epithelial-mesenchymal transition are currently growing at a high level due the importance of this process in embryogenesis, organ development, tumor progression, and several pathologic conditions in adult tissues. Epithelial to mesenchymal transformation (EMT) is now believed to play a major role in the pathogenesis of renal interstitial fibrosis, and organ fibrosis in general. This unique event along with other several cellular pathways, leads to excessive accumulation and deposition of extracelular matrix components that cause fibrous scars and destruction of kidney parenchyma, with consequent end-stage renal failure.Multiple intracellular signaling pathways are implicated in the regulation of this complicated event. Marinobufagenin (MBG), a cardiotonic steroid, and an inhibitor of the enzymatic activity of Na/K-ATPase, has shown a potency to activate multiple signaling pathways that ultimately leads to EMT in renal epithelial cells. Therefore, it was reasonable to hypothesize that elevated levels of this cardiotonic steroid could be a potent inducer of EMT. Our study on the porcine proximal epithelial cell line demonstrates that Marinobufagenin induces EMT in time and concentration dependent fashion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shapiro, Joseph.
Subjects: Biology, Molecular
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16.
Nadsady, Kenneth Allan.
A two-stage method for system identification from time series.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 1998, Ohio University
A two-stage method for system identification from time series.
Advisors/Committee Members: Irwin, R. Dennis.
Keywords: Hankel Matrix Singular Values; two-stage system identification technique; Eigenvalue Realization Algorithm
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17.
Naelitz, Samantha L.
Girls just want to have fun: Connecting girls in grades six through eight with reading materials they want to read.
Degree: Master of Education (MEd), Reading, 2008, Bowling Green State University
► The purpose of this study was to find out what reading materials…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to find out what reading materials girls in grades six, seven, and eight were interested in reading. It is essential that educators work to connect students with materials they want to read to foster motivation and positive attitudes towards reading. To do so, educators must understand exactly what types of materials students are interested in reading. Specific categories were established including: types of reading material, types of books, genres, themes, last three books read for fun, favorite books, and books students would like to read in the future. A survey was developed in order to answer these questions. The survey was administered to students from four different schools across grades six, seven, and eight. A total of 151 female students participated in the study. The results of the study indicated that female students in grades six, seven, and eight are interested in reading a wide variety of topics. The results were listed by category in terms of frequency. The questions that required participants to respond with specific titles and authors were listed in order of frequency as well. Several specific titles and authors were repeated among students. The repeated titles were then categorized by types of book, genres, and themes. Participants seemed to be interested in a variety of materials such as magazines, books, fiction, novels, mystery, fantasy, and materials regarding friendship, love, and adventure. The titles provided indicate students are reading fiction, novels, realistic fiction, biography, fantasy, science fiction, historical fiction, horror, and materials regarding friendship, growing up, family, courage, and relationships. This study suggests that educators find reading materials that interest students in order to connect students with reading materials they want to read.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hendricks, Cindy.
Subjects: Education
Keywords: Reading: grade six; grade seven; grade eight; middle school girls; junior high girls
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18.
Nafday, Omkar A.
FILM FORMATION AND CO2 CORROSION IN THE PRESENCE OF ACETIC ACID.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Chemical Engineering (Engineering), 2004, Ohio University
► The role of acetic acid (HAc) on the protectiveness of iron carbonate…
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▼ The role of acetic acid (HAc) on the protectiveness of iron carbonate (FeCO 3 ) films in CO 2 corrosion has been investigated using electrochemical, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. HAc has recently been recognized as a major factor in premature pipeline failure causing either generalized or localized corrosion. The main cause of concern is the undissociated (free) HAc which is found in oilfield brines. The pH value of the brine determines both the amount of free HAc and the supersaturation (SS). In order for a protective FeCO 3 film to form, the SS value is critical. A series of experiments was performed to test the effect of various amounts of free HAc on cylindrical X-65 steel coupons at different values of pH at stagnant (no rotation) conditions. A 3% sodium chloride (NaCl) salt solution by weight was used to simulate oilfield brine. All experiments were conducted at fixed pH, 80°C to accelerate film formation. In order to ascertain that a FeCO 3 film was indeed formed, a XRD scan was conducted on the film observed on the sample at the end of experiment and the matching of constituent element peaks confirmed a FeCO 3 film. HAc was found to have no effect on film formation and on the final corrosion rates of X-65 mild steel. The SEM pictures show no effect of HAc on film formation and protectiveness at a fixed pH. No evidence of localised corrosion (pitting) was observed on the specimens.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nesic, Srdjan.
Subjects: Engineering, Chemical
Keywords: Film formation and CO 2 Corrosion in the Presence of Acetic Acid
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19.
Nafziger, Kathryn M.
Particulate Nature of Matter, Self-Efficacy, and Pedagogical Content Knowledge: Case Studies in Inquiry.
Degree: Master of Science, Chemistry, 2008, Miami University
► In many classrooms, elementary teachers focus their efforts on literacy and frequently…
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▼ In many classrooms, elementary teachers focus their efforts on literacy and frequently marginalize science instruction. In order to increase time spent teaching science, a local school district initiated a program that coupled literacy with standards-based, inquiry science instruction. Utilizing a qualitative, case study approach, this research explored how teaching physical science through inquiry affected teachers' knowledge of the particulate nature of matter, self-efficacy, and pedagogical content knowledge. The results of the inquiry revealed that a sound understanding of good inquiry practices did not always translate to practice, that teaching through inquiry with prior knowledge of the particulate nature of matter can uncover gaps in this knowledge, and that self-efficacy was only influenced by the teachers' knowledge of the particulate nature of matter if the teacher understood the connections between this knowledge and their teaching practice.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lowery Bretz, Stacey.
Subjects: Chemistry
Keywords: particulate nature of matter; self-efficacy; pedagogical content knowledge; elementary education
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20.
Nagalingam, Dakshinamurthy Sharma.
OXIDATION RESISTANT COATINGS ON MICROCELLUAR CARBON FOAM USING SIMPLE SCALABLE TECHNIQUES.
Degree: Master of Science in Engineering (MSEgr), Materials Science and Engineering, 2007, Wright State University
► Carbon foam has many applications in the fields of thermal management, net-shape…
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▼ Carbon foam has many applications in the fields of thermal management, net-shape composites and electronic cooling due to its porous structure, low density, electrical and thermal conductivities. However it is prone to oxidation at high temperatures in air. Whereas some previous studies have reported oxidation protective coatings on other carbon structures such as graphite parts and fibers, there is very limited work on foam. Moreover, earlier methods have used vapor phase techniques such as Plasma Vapor Deposition (PVD) and Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD). There is no known study involving such coatings using simple scalable liquid phase method. This thesis reports our results on such coatings obtained on carbon foam. Boron Nitride was chosen as the coating material. Several solvents and processes were investigated. Finally a two step process using PVP binder in alcohol-based solution is found to be most effective. Unlike other available methods this technique does not involve toxic precursors or by-products. This method is simple and can be obtained at atmospheric pressure. Different coating combinations using various particle sizes were applied and their surface morphologies were studied using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) and FESEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Spectroscopy). It was observed that coating formed using 1µ BN followed by 0.7µ size BN particles has the best performance so far. The surface chemistry of this coating was studied using X-ray Photo Spectroscopy (XPS) and found to be that of pure BN after heat treatment. This coating was tested on several grades of aerospace foams having different porosities and cell sizes. The testing shows that this layer enhances the oxidation resistance of all foams to a certain extent. However it is most effective on the foams that have ridged ligaments compared to those having smooth ligaments. On carbon foams having high surface roughness this layer could suppress oxidation even at 800 C and enhance the survivability by 333%. This coating approach therefore shows promise as a scalable, environmentally friendly way of inhibiting oxidation in porous carbon structures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M.
Subjects: Engineering, Materials Science
Keywords: Carbon Foam, Coatings
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22.
Nagarajan, Kavitha Rani.
Dispersant Effectiveness of Crude, Refined and Synthetic Oil Under Different Environmental Conditions.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Environmental Engineering, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► Dispersants reduce the net environmental damage caused by the oil spills. USEPA…
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▼ Dispersants reduce the net environmental damage caused by the oil spills. USEPA is developing an EPA Research Object-Oriented Oil Spill model (ERO3S) to simulate a portion of the oil slick behavior. This work is in an effort to collect the dispersant effectiveness data of three oils, Purdue Bay Crude Oil (PBC), South Louisiana Crude Oil (SLC) & Number Two Fuel Oil (2FO) with two dispersants C9500 (A) & SPC1000 (B) and to understand the effect of the operating parameters on the effectiveness of dispersion. The first part of this work involved the collection of dispersant effectiveness data at 27°C for the three oils and two dispersants mentioned above at three salinities 10, 20 & 34 ppt and three mixing energies 150, 200 and 250 rpm. The data collected were incorporated with other data collected at other temperatures (5, 10, 16, 22, and 35 0C) during the previous years in our laboratories for developing an empirical model. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted to form an empirical correlation and understand the effect of the operating parameters on the dispersant effectiveness. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the extent to which the variables affected the dispersant effectiveness. The empirical approach to the interaction between the dispersant and oil slick developed could provide a useful or practical approach for including dispersants in a model to assess the impacts of dispersant usage on oil spills. The second part of the work involved the formulation of synthetic oil containing Alkanes (C11-C18) alone or four Poly Aromatics Hydrocarbons (Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Fluorene and Dibenzothiophene) alone to determine the dispersant effectiveness data for each component with dispersant A at three salinities 10, 20 and 34 ppt, three mixing energies 150, 200 and 250 rpm and six levels of temperature (5, 10, 16, 27, and 35 0C). Statistical analysis was conducted to form an empirical correlation and Analysis of Variance was performed on the data collected. The third part of this work involved the formulation of the synthetic oil containing a mixture of PAHs and alkanes obtained by the using the same concentrations used in the second part. The dispersant effectiveness data collected for each component was used to determine if the presence of each component in the mixture affected the dispersant efficiency of the individual components at 27°C under similar environmental conditions. Statistical analysis was conducted to correlate the individual dispersant efficiencies of each PAH & alkane and the overall dispersant efficiency of the South Louisiana Crude Oil which was the basis for the composition of the synthetic oil.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sorial, George.
Subjects: Engineering; Environmental engineering; Petroleum production
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23.
Nagarajan, Srikantan Subramanian.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of magnetic stimulation of neuronal structures.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Biomedical Engineering, 1995, Case Western Reserve University
► Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive technique to activate the nervous system using…
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▼ Magnetic stimulation is a non-invasive technique to activate the nervous system using time-varying magnetic fields. In spite of the demonstrated utility, many of the basic mechanisms underlying activation of neuronal structures by induced currents remain unclear. In particular, the sites of excitation for different geometries of neuronal structures and different distributions of induced fields are not understood. Moreover, the role played by inhomogeneities in the volume conductor surrounding excitable tissue and the geometry of neuronal structures have not been studied. Theoretical models and in vitro experiments were developed to address these questions concerning the mechanisms underlying magnetic stimulation. We have now determined that the location of excitation along smooth homogenous nerves occur either at terminations or along an axon where the first spatial derivative of the electric field is a maximum. The conditions under which excitation occurs at either site depends on the magnitude and direction of electric fields at the terminations, termination impedance and the magnitude and location of the first spatial derivative calculated along the length of an axon. Analysis of magnetic stimulation of an axon located at the centre of a nerve bundle indicate that the presence of a peri neurium around the nerve bundle, anisotropy in the bundle conductivity, and current redistribution in the nerve bundle due to the presence of other axons must be taken into account for calculation of stimulus intensities for threshold excitation. We have derived a generalized cable equation for magnetic stimulation that can accurately account for the effects of nerve bundle, the perineurium and current redistribution in the nerve bundle due to the presence of other axons. This generalized cable equation describes transmembrane potentials not only for straight axons but also for axons of arbitrary geometries. We derive a theory for this equation in the form of an integral expression using a Green's function appropriate to the boundary conditions and geometry of neuronal structures. This theory provides a new tool which can be used to address several other important questions concerning the combined effects of the geometry of neuronal structures and the spatio-temporal distributions of applied fields.
Advisors/Committee Members: n/a, n/a.
Keywords: magnetic stimulation neuronal structures
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24.
Nagar, Ila.
Language, Gender And Identity: The Case Of Kotis In Lucknow- India.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Linguistics, 2008, Ohio State University
► In this dissertation I explore the linguistics practices of a community of…
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▼ In this dissertation I explore the linguistics practices of a community of male sex workers who self identify as kotis in Lucknow-India. Kotis switch their identities between heterosexual males and kotis and this switch is most clearly manifest in their language choices. The data for this research was collected over four summers. I used ethnographic methods including one-to-one interviews, focus group interviews and participant observation to collect speech data. I analyzed the data using theories of variationist sociolinguistics especially the communities of practice framework, discourse analysis and gender studies. The two linguistic features that kotis use are Farasi and feminine gender markings. Kotis use a code language which they call Farasi, which is a mixture of Hindi grammar and vocabulary of an unknown source. Kotis also use feminine gender markings in their role as kotis, when they assume their more feminine personae; the use of feminine gender marks them as different from other sexual identities. These two features of their language are discussed in detail. With the help of quantitative and qualitative methodology, I show that kotis use language to perform their identity as kotis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Winford, Donald.
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25.
NAGA, SOUMYA.
AN EFFICIENT ALGORITHM FOR CLINICAL MASS CENTER LOCATION OF HUMAN BODY.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Center of mass (COM) or Mass center is the governing parameter that…
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▼ Center of mass (COM) or Mass center is the governing parameter that is commonly investigated in studies on human posture and balance. In balance control studies, small displacements of COM are important. Clinically, estimation methods for COM require digitizing procedures using filming technology that need force plate data and a motion analysis system. When the body moves, the displacement of COM can only be estimated and cannot be measured directly, hence its accuracy is affected by numerous factors. For clinical purposes, a number of reflective markers are attached on specific locations of various body parts to calculate the COM displacement. Markers are tracked automatically by optoelectronic system to be represented as points in 3D space. One of the largest source of error occurs in the usage of markers. Typically as many as twenty or more markers are used to calculate COM displacement. The objective of this study is to develop an efficient algorithm for determining the mass center displacement accurately so as to optimize the number of markers used. Modern gait analysis requires an adequate biomechanical model to infer the positions of body segments from the measured positions of markers placed on the subject’s skin. In this study a method was developed for a seventeen segment human body model to locate the COM using the orientation angles, transformation matrices and anthropometric data. Another algorithm was proposed for the same model using five marker points. It was shown that the results obtained for COM displacements of both the methods are equivalent. It was observed that there was no remarkable variation in the COM displacement when five markers were used. The proposed method with five markers gives a similar and accurate estimation of COM displacement when compared with the first method. Thus the five marker methodology iii can used to predict postural stability in gait studies as it is an efficient and less cumbersome approach to estimate COM displacement.
Advisors/Committee Members: Huston, Dr. Ronald L.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Center of mass, human body, posture, postural stability,human gait, gait analysis
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26.
Nagata, Noriko.
Characteristics of teacher preparation programs and the issue perceptions of teacher educators in deaf education.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Teaching and Learning, 2005, Ohio State University
► This is a descriptive survey study that describes the overall nature of…
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▼ This is a descriptive survey study that describes the overall nature of teacher preparation programs in the U.S. for prospective teachers of students who are deaf or hard of hearing (TEDHH programs). The specific purpose of the study was to investigate the nature of programs in the following three areas: 1) General Education, 2) Professional Education, and 3) Majors or Subject Matter/Content Education requirements. The study also focused on identification of factors impacting the current development of the programs; recommendations to resolve issues and problems are presented. Teacher Education is a very delicate and complicated business, which involves multiple layers of stakeholders and participants. This study made such complications and the fragility of the programs apparent. Based on the results, four major conclusions emerged. First, the study revealed significant similarities in the teacher educators' perceptions of issues in spite of the diversity of the programs. The results showed diversity among the current TEDHH programs in program, curriculum, and program evaluation characteristics. Yet, the teacher educators expressed common concerns with program development, particularly regarding State Standards, Recruitment, and Administrative and Professional Support. Second, the study demonstrated a disparity between the issues and problems identified in the literature and those emphasized by the teacher educators in Deaf Education. Third, the study revealed an unreasonable ratio between the number of faculty members involved in the TEDHH programs and the number of courses that they actually taught. The ratio between the number of faculty members and the courses that they were required to teach was an unreasonable mismatch if the goal is a high quality of instruction. Finally, it was apparent that the TEDHH programs kept high standards by receiving national and local accreditations. In Deaf Education, over 80% of the programs were nationally accredited and more than 90% were accredited by the respective states. Such results make it clear that the TEDHH programs maintain high standards in their programs. Based on the results of this study, four major recommendations and 16 specific future research questions in three areas (teacher qualifications, recruitment of teacher candidates, and recruitment of teacher educators) are presented.
Advisors/Committee Members: Paul, Peter V.
Keywords: Deaf Education; Deafness; Deaf and Hard of Hearing; Special Education; Teacher Education; Curriculum
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27.
Nagatomi, Ayumi.
Pedagogical implications of negative questions in Japanese.
Degree: Master of Arts, East Asian Languages and Literatures, 1999, Ohio State University
► This thesis suggests improvements on instruction of negative questions. In a given…
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▼ This thesis suggests improvements on instruction of negative questions. In a given context, the choice of expressions other than negative questions can result in cultural incoherence. Given that the goal of learners is to be able to interact effectively, instruction must facilitate the learning of negative questions. The learning process of cognitively mature learners of Japanese as a foreign language is conscious and affected by their first language. Since the amount of instruction time is limited, instructional materials should utilize their cognitive maturity. Both declarative knowledge of what negative questions are and procedural knowledge of how to use negative questions, are necessary. Therefore, instruction should not only provide information, but experience in practice. Although information enables learners to talk about negative questions, their knowledge of negative questions needs to be demonstrated in communication. First, this thesis investigates the important functions of negative questions, and then reviews instructional materials by investigating their efficacy in facilitating the development of declarative and procedural knowledge. It is found that the speaker's choice of negative questions over other expressions can be attributed to the speaker's anticipation of the addressee's agreement to his/her proposition, and the speakers' avoidance of imposition of proposition, and the speakers' avoidance of imposition of his/her proposition. Particulary, the latter is important given interaction in Japanese culture. For instance, when what the speaker's wants to convey in the utterance can threaten communication if expressed with declaratives or imperatives, negative questions should be utilized to maintain an appropriate distance with the addressee. Instructional materials do not necessarily provide sufficient information for the development of declarative knowledge, and mechanical practice is not always followed by contextualized practice. I suggest 1) reconsideration of the overall organization of instructional materials, and 2) contextualized practice after mechanical practice. The overall organization, if organized by structural complexity, can avoid introducing expressions similar in the speaker's intent, and enhance the appropriate use of negative questions repeatedly as well as coherently. Practice should be provided under such an organizational principle. Mechanical drills for building lower level skills should be combined with those for higher level skills, enabling learners to demonstrate the appropriate utilization of negative questions in context.
Advisors/Committee Members: Noda, Mari.
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28.
NAGEL, PETER II.
[REDEVELOPING URBAN BROWNFIELDS::INTEGRATING "CREATIVE CLASS" NEIGHBORHOODS NEAR CITY CENTERS].
Degree: MARCH, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of), 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Many cities once known for their thriving industrial cores are now left…
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▼ Many cities once known for their thriving industrial cores are now left with only brownfields. With many of these areas having prime location, often being nestled near downtowns and transportation routes, they can become a destination for the emerging “creative class” via new live/work communities. These redevelopments can seek to reverse urban decay and suburban flight by catering to today’s large population of young professionals, and these former derelict sites can once again bring vitality, youth, and economy back to the American city center. Using a site in Milwaukee as my study area, I will begin by researching by researching brownfield remediation strategies as well as “urban village” precedents. This will then lead into several areas of the project being designed in detail, with “social spaces” being the key. Upon implementation of this thesis, this site can once again become a unique area in the city of Milwaukee.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simmons, Gordon.
Keywords: brownfield; urban village; creative class
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29.
Nagendran, Preethy.
SYSTEM CONTROL AND INTEGRATION OF STAND ALONE MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Electrical Engineering, 2000, University of Cincinnati
► With rapid advancements in micro fluidics making it an extremely important section…
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▼ With rapid advancements in micro fluidics making it an extremely important section in the field of biological and bioelectronics research, the availability of suitable MEMS components for micro fluidic applications also becomes important. Such components include micro valves, micro pumps, micro flow sensors and bio filters. In the past few years, a large number of microfluidic prototype devices and systems have been developed at the University of Cincinnati with these components. Microfluidic systems for warfare detection systems have also been developed from commercial components. All these microfluidic systems use the principle of sandwich immunoassay to detect microorganisms in liquid samples. The paths used to achieve this sandwich immunoassay vary from system to system and so does the programming techniques. All these systems need to be portable and this necessitated the use of a microcontroller-based unit. The objective of this research was to develop a system control for all these micro-fluidic systems using a 68HC711 (C (Micro controller) and an ALTERA FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array). The microcontroller was programmed using ANSI C and it was connected to the host PC through SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) for program development. The microcontroller along with the FPGA controls the various electronics used in this system that is used to perform data acquisition and sampling. A larger scale mesosystem using commercial components has also been developed. This thesis discusses the integration of all these micro-fluidic systems developed at the University of Cincinnati.
Advisors/Committee Members: Nevin, Joseph H.
Keywords: MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEM; SANDWICH IMMUNOASSAY
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30.
Nageswaran, Ashok R.
Deformation Analysis of Soft Tissues by Digital Image Correlation.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering, 2009, University of Cincinnati
► Digital image correlation techniques are commonly used to evaluate deformation gradients from…
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▼ Digital image correlation techniques are commonly used to evaluate deformation gradients from image sets by cross correlating pixel intensities. Recently, Bayesian framework based texture correlation technique have gained greater acceptance to study soft tissue deformation due to its ability to model noisy image data. Besides cross correlation, this probability based technique weighs regions of potential matches by radial distance from center of search region thereby eliminating large improbable displacements. Simple tension tests on soft tissue using magnetic resonance and ultrasound imaging modalities are presented. This initial study revealed encouraging results from ultrasound images compared to MR due to better a priori incremental image data. Having established a suitable imaging modality, plane strain tension and indentation tests were carried out on homogeneous (breast phantom) and non-homogeneous (muscle tissue) specimens and validated using optical images with surface markers. The specimens were deformed up to 10 mm in tension and indentation modes. The root mean square (RMS) error between the strain values from texture correlation and optical images varied from 6 to 10% for breast phantom compared to 2 to 7% for muscle tissue. As expected, the errors appeared to increase with larger deformation to suggest the limited scope of dependable estimates. The displacement estimates evaluated for square block sizes in muscle tissue, revealed acceptable RMS error range at 6 to 7 mm for tension and indentation test. The block sizes are significantly lower for homogeneous specimen due to better texture and dynamic range compared to muscle tissue. The indentation tests show the Bayesian texture correlation technique's ability to predict regions of non-homogenous deformation. Further studies must aim at analyzing image data with varying signal to noise ratios and identifying a measure of filter to remove questionable displacements.
Advisors/Committee Members: Haridas, Balakrishna.
Subjects: Biomedical research
Keywords: Digital Image Correlation; Bayesian probability; ultrasound
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