311 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [11]
1.
Oakes, Amy C.
States in crisis: how governments respond to domestic unrest.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Political Science, 2006, Ohio State University
► The traditional approach to studying diversionary war tends to search for a…
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▼ The traditional approach to studying diversionary war tends to search for a direct relationship between domestic unrest and the use of force. It is more productive, however, to think of diversionary conflict as being one of several potential policies states can employ in response to domestic unrest, others being reform, repression, and foreign intervention. Thinking in terms of policy alternatives leads us to consider variables that alter the attractiveness for a decision-maker of these four policy options: diversionary conflicts might result as much from the lack of available alternatives as they do from their inherent utility in rallying the public around the regime. This research, therefore, examines the role of state extractive capacity as a variable, which can facilitate or, in some cases, constrain a government’s ability to adopt an alternative policy response. By combining statistical and qualitative research methods, it not only provides a new explanation for classic cases of state responses to domestic unrest, such as the Argentina’s invasion of the Falkland Islands, but it also produces a theoretical framework for understanding government decision-making during domestic crises.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pollins, Brian M.
Keywords: Diversionary war; Foreign policy decision-making; Domestic unrest
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2.
Oakey, Doyle Ray.
Post-industrial development: a conjunctual ecological model of the life insurance industry.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Sociology, 2004, Ohio State University
► Most approaches adopted to explain the growth of the post-industrial complex focus…
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▼ Most approaches adopted to explain the growth of the post-industrial complex focus on “modernization” through manufacture and industrialization. Unlike the industrial revolution, however, the post-industrial age is characterized by new divisions of labor emphasizing knowledge, information dissemination, sharing, coordination and control (i.e., advanced services). Because existing theories were not developed to explain post-industrialism, they may be misleading or inapplicable. As such, the purpose of this study is twofold: (1) to ecologically contextualize the post-industrial revolution and, (2) to create an empirical and practical model useful in explaining the post-industrial revolution using global life insurance penetration as a proxy. To this end four issues are addressed. First, I assess current theory with an eye toward synthesis in order to provide a holistic explanatory context for post-industrial evolution. Second, I demonstrate how life insurance penetration acts as a proxy for post-industrial growth. Third, I outline key hypothetical drivers of post-industrial change using the life insurance industry as a springboard. Finally, I analyze a pooled, cross-sectional time series of 49 countries over ten years (1991 to 2000) giving empirical support to these hypothetical drivers of post-industrial participation. Based upon theoretical synthesis, my conjunctual ecological model posits a causal process for post-industrial growth along four dimensions: geographic/environmental, demographic, socio-organizational/economic, and cyclical/temporal. Controlling for economic development, all dimensions yield fairly robust results. Geographically, national predisposition to shipping shows a strong net positive effect; also, demographic indicators such as population dependency, death rate and female labor force participation demonstrate broad net influences on insurance penetration. Socio-organizational variables such as savings and household consumption have little predictive value, but inflation rates do show consistent negative effects on insurance penetration. The temporal influence of the US business cycle also partially determines the insurance penetration of other countries, demonstrating the economic convergence of the post-industrial world. A final proxy of the post-industrial syndrome, the percentage of GDP in services, displays a consistently positive net effects on the dependent variable. In conclusion, analysis and discussion demonstrate that a holistic theoretical approach to the post-industrial revolution is warranted. Moreover, these results have direct applicability to insurance marketing around the globe.
Advisors/Committee Members: Crenshaw, Edward M.
Keywords: service sector; sociology; theory; life insurance; modernization; post-industrialization; civilization; ecology; sythetic theory; organization; industry
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3.
Oaks, D'Arcy John.
The effect of coordination and common ground in online discussion: a comparison of interactive processes in chat vs electronic bulletin boards.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Communication, 2007, Ohio State University
► Aspects of mutual understanding—joint action, coordination, and common ground—were examined in an…
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▼ Aspects of mutual understanding—joint action, coordination, and common ground—were examined in an online pedagogical problem-solving setting, with mutual understanding, task satisfaction, and satisfaction with group processes serving as outcome variables. The study employed a 2 (chat, threaded discussion) x 2 (communication coordination intervention, no communication coordination training) x 2 (common ground intervention, no common ground intervention) between-persons design. Communication coordination and common ground, two parts of Clark’s conception of mutual understanding (1996), are examined in an educational collaborative setting. Two common computer-mediated communication tools, chat and electronic bulletin boards, were employed. The three constructs (common ground, communication coordination, communication mode) are examined in relationship to each other and their relationship to task satisfaction, group processes satisfaction, and mutual understanding. One hundred fifty-six participants interacted in groups of three concerning a controversial social-issue task, homosexual marriage. Communication coordination was manipulated with a short training session. Common ground was manipulated through a short “get-to-know-you” session. Multilevel analysis of the 2 x 2 x 2 design revealed that communication coordination failed to have the intended effect. Multilevel analysis of the 2 (chat, threaded discussion) x 2 (common ground intervention, no common ground intervention) indicated a main effect for mode on task satisfaction, with threaded discussion groups ranking significantly higher than chat groups. The familiarity intervention had a main effect on satisfaction with group processes. An interaction between familiarity and communication mode was found for satisfaction with group processes. While participants in the chat groups reported greater satisfaction from the familiarity intervention, participants in the threaded-discussion groups reported lesser satisfaction following the familiarity intervention. Together these findings suggest that chat is a more conducive medium for friendly, social discussions and prior familiarity improve the satisfaction with human interactions. However, compared to threaded-discussion, chat was not as effective for task satisfaction. Threaded-discussion, on the other hand seems to work well for completing the task, though, its deficiencies in provided affordances for social interactions were apparent from the ratings.
Advisors/Committee Members: David, Prabu.
Keywords: distance education; collaboration; affordances; mutual understanding; coordination; common ground
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4.
Oates, Shawn P.
CHILD-COMPUTER INTERACTION: EXPLORING INTERFACE DESIGN.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 2005, Miami University
► Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) holds great promise for increasing access to information and…
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▼ Computer-assisted instruction (CAI) holds great promise for increasing access to information and for facilitating learning. Unique to CAI programs are their multifaceted user-interface designs. This study examined key aspects (i.e. context and embedded text) of user-interface design to determine their impact on word-object association in young children. Sixty-seven children in their final semester of kindergarten were recruited for this study. The dependent measures, accuracy and latency were analyzed using a repeated measures analysis of variance design. The within-subjects factors were interface design (appropriate context, inappropriate context and non-context) and word condition (embedded and non-embedded). It was found that children were more accurate when using the non-context display design and considerably less accurate when using the inappropriate display condition. They were also found to be more accurate when the word was embedded within the visual scene. Lastly, children were found to responded faster when using the appropriate context display design and considerably slower when using the inappropriate display design. The findings suggest that more attention should be paid to the way in which context is used in display design. A less detailed interface for certain tasks may provide children with an advantage over an elaborate or complicated interface design. These findings have implications for the development of educational software for young children.
Advisors/Committee Members: Smart, Leonard J.
Keywords: interface design; human-computer interaction; children
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5.
OBARSKI, KELLY JOSEPHINE.
LIFE AFTER NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION FELLOWSHIPS: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR A GRADUATE STUDENT'S PROFESSIONAL ENDEAVORS.
Degree: EdD, Education : Curriculum and Instruction, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Each year, hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students, participate as Fellows in…
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▼ Each year, hundreds of graduate and undergraduate students, participate as Fellows in National Science Foundation GK-12 Grants throughout the U.S. These Fellowships create opportunities for university students to improve their communication skills, teaching proficiencies, and team-building skills, in addition to expanding their interest in educational endeavors in their respective communities while pursuing their college degrees. STEP (Science and Technology Enhancement Project) is one such project. University faculty, public school teachers, and community leaders collaborated together in order to bring scientists into middle and secondary classrooms to focus on increasing student interest and proficiency in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) skills. Seventeen Fellows, in the previous four years, designed, developed, and implemented innovative, hands-on lessons in seven local schools. The evaluation team collected a tremendous amount of research evidence focused on the effect of the program on the Fellows while they were participants in the study, but there has been very little data collected about the Fellows after leaving the program. This research study, consisting of two-hour interviews, qualitatively explores how the skills learned while participating in the STEP program affected the Fellows’ career and educational choices once leaving the project. This data was analyzed along with historical attitude surveys and yearly tracking documents to determine the effect that participation in the program had on their choices post-STEP. An extensive literature review has been conducted focusing on other GK-12 programs throughout the country, K-16 collaboration, Preparing Future Faculty Programs, as well as on teaching and learning literature. These bodies of literature provide the theoretical basis in which the research is framed in order to assess the impact on Fellow educational and professional choices since leaving the STEP program. This research project sheds new light on how participation in a GK-12 Fellowship impacts career and educational choices after the Fellow leaves the program.
Advisors/Committee Members: Swami, Dr. Piyush.
Keywords: GK-12, NSF, Fellowship, Learning Communties, Engineering Education
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6.
Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis.
Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (MASPAD): An emic conceptualization of acculturation as a moderating factor between psychological distress and mental health seeking attitudes.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 2005, Ohio State University
► This study describes the development of the Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for…
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▼ This study describes the development of the Measurement of Acculturation Strategies for People of African Descent (MASPAD), a multidimensional instrument designed to assess acculturation strategies (i.e., Traditionalist, Integrationist, Assimilationist, and Marginalist) along the dimension of beliefs and behaviors. Three studies were conducted to describe the development of the MASPAD and to assess its psychometric properties. Data was collected from 497 participants of African descent in Atlanta, Columbus, Los Angeles, and New York City. Confirmatory factor analysis and independent raters provided evidence for the multidimensional structure of the MASPAD. Pearson correlation coefficients supported the purported orthogonality of the MASPAD subscales. The MASPAD was a strong predictor of dimensions of worldview and cultural values. Moreover, the Traditionalist Beliefs subscale interacted with the Global Severity Index to predict confidence in therapist. Future directions for this body of research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Leong, Frederick T. L.
Keywords: Cultural Psychology; Acculturation; Worldview; African; African American; Black; Scale Construction; Psychological Measurement; Psychological Distress; Mental Health; Attitudes
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7.
Obasi, Ezemenari Marquis.
Construction and validation of the worldview analysis scale.
Degree: Master of Arts, Psychology, 2002, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study was to develop the Worldview Analysis Scale…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to develop the Worldview Analysis Scale (WAS). The WAS is a 41-item instrument designed to assess cultural worldview orientation for people of African and European descent. Worldview was operationalized as the philosophical assumptions (cosmology, epistemology, ontology, axiology, and teleology) which determine the way in which people perceive, think, feel, and experience the world. Participants consisted of 350 college student enrolled in a psychology or African/African American studies course at a large Midwestern university. A 5 X 2 X 8 MANOV Aanalysis found ethnicity to be a predictor of cultural worldview orientation. A significant difference existed between African Americans and European Americans, with African Americans scoring in the African 90% confidence interval and European Americans scoring in the European 90% confidence interval. An exploratory oblique Crawford-Ferguson quartimax factor analysis was performed and an eight-factor solution was retained: acquisitive rationalism, scientific universe, life/death interaction, communalism, spiritual/physical interaction, tangible realism, knowledge of self, and spiritual universe. The WAS produced favorable reliability, validity, and factor goodness of fit indices. It is concluded that the WAS shows great promise in assessing between and within group differences and similarities of people of African and European descent.
Advisors/Committee Members: Flores, Lisa Y.
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8.
OBENG-DARKO, EVELYN.
NAVIGATING THE FOUR DIMENSIONAL SPACE OF HIGHER EDUCATION: STORIED NARRATIVES OF WOMEN FULL PROFESSORS AS SCHOLARS AND LEADERS IN EDUCATIONAL ADMINISTRATION.
Degree: EdD, Education : Educational Leadership, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► There has been an increase in recent years of women faculty in…
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▼ There has been an increase in recent years of women faculty in Educational Administration; however very few of these women have risen to the rank of full professor (McCarthy and Kuh, 1998). The purpose of this study was to examine the leadership experiences and contributions of women faculty who hold the rank of full professor in Educational Administration. This study combined two variables and looked at women who had played the dual roles of scholars and leaders. The research sought to answer three questions. What are the leadership experiences of women full professors in Educational Administration? What are the contributions of these women to the field of Educational Administration? How has the presence of these women professors changed the organizational culture of preparation programs? Several noteworthy comprehensive investigations of the educational administration professorate had been conducted spanning the past three decades. However, getting to the hidden tacit knowledge of organizational processes through the use of life stories, personal narratives and archival data on participants, had yet to be explored fully. The study design was therefore, qualitative and involved the analysis of in-depth interviews, field observations, and documentary data. It was found that the seven women professors were excellent teachers and researchers and had offered extensive service to their institutions and professional associations. They had published books, book chapters, book reviews, refereed journal articles, monographs and technical reports and had written and been awarded major grants. In recognition of their contributions to the field, they had each received various distinguish awards at their institutions and national levels. In addition, all of them had served in various leadership roles ranging from project directors, graduate program officers, department chairs, associate dean, dean, vice president, vice chancellor, and president, either in their institution or in professional associations. The presence of these women together with others had impacted the culture of preparation programs and research in the field. It is hoped that their individual stories will contribute to our understanding of how to navigate the four dimensional space of (teaching, research, service and leadership) in higher education.
Advisors/Committee Members: EVERS, DR. NANCY E.
Keywords: educational administration; women's studies; leadership; higher education; qualitative research
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9.
Oberdick, Michelle N.
Using the Caldecott Award and Honor Books to Enhance Multicultural Literature.
Degree: Master of Education (MEd), Reading, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► The purpose of this study was to analyze the portrayal of race…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to analyze the portrayal of race in the illustrations and text of Caldecott Award and Honor books beginning with the year 2003 through 2008. Books with solely animal characters were discarded due to the inability to determine their race resulting in 14 books to be analyzed. The races of the main and supporting characters, how those characters were portrayed, and whether the books were either racially neutral or racially specific were examined. In a racially neutral book, race plays very little role in the story whereas in a racially specific book the race plays a major role. After the books were analyzed, a matrix listing the books with all races that were present was created. Bar graphs comparing the number of characters for each race in all of the 14 books were created. Lastly, a pie chart showing the percentage of books that were racially neutral versus racially specific was created. This investigation found that only White, African American, and Asians were present in the 14 most recent Caldecott Award and Honor books. Alaskan Natives, American Indians, Hispanics, or Native Hawaiians (defined by the U.S census) were not present in any of the books analyzed. Of the 14 books, 64% of the books contained white characters, 42% percent contained black characters, and less than 1% contained Asian characters. Some books contained more than one race making the total more than 100%. Lastly, 29% of the books were racially specific whereas 71% were racially neutral.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bertelsen, Cynthia.
Subjects: Literature
Keywords: reading; literature; caldecott award; honor books, multicultural
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10.
Oberjohn, Karen Solveig.
The Funny Papers: An Examination of Children's Sense of Humor, Peer Acceptance, and Friendships.
Degree: MA, Arts and Sciences : Psychology, 2002, University of Cincinnati
► Successful peer relations are widely recognized as crucial in the development of…
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▼ Successful peer relations are widely recognized as crucial in the development of social competence. Two indicators of peer relations, peer acceptance and friendship, have been associated with positive emotional and behavioral outcomes. A good sense of humor and teasing behavior are two types of social behavior that may influence peer acceptance and friendship. Humor is thought to facilitate opportunities for group membership, allow children to combat embarrassment, and provide a tool for navigating social situations. Such skills are likely to contribute positively to peer acceptance and the establishment of friendships. Conversely, humor can be used for aggressive purposes, such as amusing some while disparaging others. Such teasing behavior may hinder peer acceptance and friendships.The current study examined the associations of children’s sense of humor and teasing behavior with their level of overall peer acceptance (Like Ratings) and number of friendships (Best Friend Nominations). The data provided by the participants represented observations of 278 children, including 102 fourth grade children and 176 fifth grade children. Sense of humor and teasing behavior were measured via peer nominations on class play roles, peer acceptance by peer nominations on a like rating scale, and friendship by total number of best-friend nominations. It was hypothesized that sense of humor would be positively associated with peer acceptance and number of friendships, and that teasing behavior would be negatively associated with peer acceptance and number of friendships. It was also hypothesized that an interaction would be found indicating that teasing would be more strongly associated with lower acceptance and fewer friends the less often peers see them as having a good sense of humor, but teasing would be less strongly associated with lower levels of peer acceptance and friendships the more often peers see them as having a good sense of humor.These data suggest that sense of humor is related to social competence as measured by both peer acceptance and friendships. Future work should focus on more comprehensive definitions and measurement of humor and teasing behavior, as well as other social outcomes that may be influenced by these social behaviors.
Advisors/Committee Members: Noll, Dr. Robert B.
Keywords: humor; revised class play; friendship; peer acceptance; teasing
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11.
Oberlander, Kristin M.
CULTURES IN OPPOSITION: THE BATTLE BETWEEN CORPORATE ORGANICS AND THE ORGANIC MOVEMENT.
Degree: Master of Arts, Mass Communication, 2006, Miami University
► In the past ten years, organics have been re-framed as an industry…
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▼ In the past ten years, organics have been re-framed as an industry that caters to the middle and upper class strata of society because the products cost more than agricultural farming products. Marketers build a dynamic wherein the mere purchase of organic food is akin to social activism. However, the term organic lacks a unified definition. This thesis examines how the mass marketing of organic products capitalizes on ideals of the organic movement to create a need that the purchase of organic foods “promises” to satisfy. It also examines popular tactics of persuasion used by marketing and advertising companies for organic foods, such as consumer activism generated from the origins of the Organic Movement in the United States. The organic industry must maintain the ability to produce enough food to meet the demand of consumers, while still following the tenets of the Organic Movement.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sholle, David.
Keywords: organic food; diffusion; incorporation; commodity fetishism
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12.
Oberlin, Jennifer Michelle.
Lost and Found: The Process of Historic Preservation in Lucas County, Ohio.
Degree: Master of Arts, History, 2004, University of Toledo
► This thesis discusses the historic preservation movement in Lucas County, Ohio, showing…
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▼ This thesis discusses the historic preservation movement in Lucas County, Ohio, showing how certain preservation issues paralleled with those of the national movement in certain eras. Issues pertaining to sucessful preservation, such as grassroots organizations, federal programs, tax incentives, the impact of preservation law, and planning are explained, as are the issues surrounding poor preservation, such as urban renewal, disinterest, migrations out of the city, and social unrest. Public perceptions of historic sites and of the preservation movement are overviewed, showing that certain intrest groups held influence over what was to be saved. Also, significant sites in Lucas County (1820-1910)are described as examples of successful and poor preservation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Britton, Diane F.
Subjects: History, United States
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13.
OBERLIN, KEVIN ARTHUR.
THE MOMENT OF LOOKING DOWN.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : English and Comparative Literature, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► The Moment of Looking Down is a collection of poems crafted into…
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▼ The Moment of Looking Down is a collection of poems crafted into book form over the course of my studies. The first and fourth sections focus on poems dealing with fidelity, mortality, and loss. The second section explores memory and perception through a series of poems that use a long, single-line stanza. The third section is a narrative sonnet sequence that follows the brief rise of a young jazz singer as she struggles to reconcile her understanding of herself with the perceptions of those listening to her. The dissertation concludes with the essay “Manmade: Masculinity in the Poetry of Tony Hoagland, Mark Halliday, and Rodney Jones,” which contends that these poets express the male body and male sexuality with a troubled awareness of the complicated political, cultural, and psychological position of American masculinity at the end of the twentieth century, and that their poetry moves beyond contemporary feminist and masculinity studies theorists by exploring new masculinities through directly accessible language.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bogen, Dr. Don.
Subjects: Literature, American
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14.
Oberoi, Lalit M.
Formulation of a fast-acting ibuprofen suspension by using nicotinamide as hydrotropic agent - application of DSC, spectroscopy and microscopy in assessment of the type of interaction.
Degree: Master of Science in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmaceutical Science, 2004, University of Toledo
► The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of the solid-state interaction between ibuprofen and nicotinamide and determine the solubility enhancement achieved by using nicotinamide as a hydrotropic agent and develop a suitable efficacious formulation. Ibuprofen-nicotinamide binary mixtures were prepared by solvent evaporation method. DSC studies suggested complex formation between ibuprofen and nicotinamide with 1:1 stoichiometry in solid state. UV-Visible spectroscopy suggested that the interaction was weak. Disappearance of the broad hydrogen bonding peak in the FTIR spectrum for the complex predicted greater solubility for the complex. Proton NMR studies ruled out the possibility of any chemical interaction between the two compounds. PXRD and microscopic studies showed that the crystallinity of the complex was remarkably reduced. All the studies predicted greater solubility for ibuprofen in complexed form. The HPLC studies showed that solubility was enhanced 62 times in the suspension when the concentration of nicotinamide was 13.3 mg/mL.
Advisors/Committee Members: Alexander, Kenneth S.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Pharmacy
Keywords: ibuprofen; nicotinamide; hydrotropy; spectroscopic; solubility enhancement
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15.
Obeta, Miracle.
A TALE OF TWO REGIMES/COUNTRIES: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DEMOCRATIC TRANSITIONS IN GHANA AND THE GAMBIA.
Degree: Master of Arts, Political Science, 2009, Miami University
► This paper assesses the political transmutations from “Military to Civilian Leadership” of…
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▼ This paper assesses the political transmutations from “Military to Civilian Leadership” of Jerry Rawlings in Ghana and The Gambia under Yahya Jammeh. It examines why Ghana seemed to have “successfully” transitioned to a more democratic dispensation under Rawlings and why The Gambia, under Jammeh, failed to do so. It addresses three key research questions: firstly, how and why did Ghana successfully “transition” to a leading democracy in the continent under the watch of Jerry Rawlings? Secondly, how and why did The Gambia “fail” in its transition efforts to move toward more democratic norms under President Yahya Jammeh? Finally, what accounts for the different pathologies and outcomes in the transition programs of Rawlings’s in Ghana and Jammeh’s Gambia? The basic argument the paper makes is that the varying political and economic outcomes in The Gambia and Ghana are attributable to the levels of regime/ leadership commitment to democracy and perhaps, more importantly, to neo-liberal reform in both countries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Saine, Abdoulaye.
Subjects: Political science
Keywords: Jerry John Rawlings, President Yahya Jammeh, Democracy, Neoliberal Reform, Ghana, The Gambia
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16.
Obiozor, Clarence Nwabunwanne.
Finite element analysis of defective induction motor.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 1987, Ohio University
► This dissertation provides a methodology for the computation of flux distribution in…
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▼ This dissertation provides a methodology for the computation of flux distribution in defective induction machines. Having obtained the flux distribution for the applied voltage, the stator current in each phase for any load can be calculated, and hence it can be determined if continuation of the operation of the defective machine under the applied load is safe. The methodology is based on the use of Maxwell's equations to derive a unified equation. This equation relates the space and time derivatives of the magnetic vector potential (MVP) of each point within the machine to the density of the applied current at the point. Applying the method of finite elements to this equation at different sections of the machine leads to a global equation. In this derivation, saturation at any point of the machine and at any instant of time is fully accounted for. The global equation is a set of nonlinear time domain differential equations. A step-by-step numerical method is employed to integrate this global equation. This process yields the value of MVP for any point of the machine at any instant of time. The computer program developed in this work to carry out the above tasks is validated by applying it to simple electromagnetic systems. It is then used to produce MVP contours of an induction machine for three defects.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jaleeli, Nasser.
Keywords: induction motor; finite element; machines; Maxwell's equations
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18.
Oblander, Samantha Anne.
The Receptor Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase-mu Signaling Pathway Differentially Regulates E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin-Mediated Axon Outgrowth.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Molecular Biology and Microbiology, 2009, Case Western Reserve University
► Understanding the complexity of how retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons migrate out…
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▼ Understanding the complexity of how retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons migrate out of the retina, along the retinotectal pathway to reach their target in the brain remains a central question facing neurobiologists today. RGC axon outgrowth initiated by cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) requires both adhesion to the CAM and activation of cell surface receptors initiating intracellular signaling cascades. The focus of this dissertation is on the role of E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin in axon outgrowth in the chick visual system. In addition, we investigated the role of protein tyrosine phosphatase-mu (PTPµ) and its associated proteins in cadherin-mediated axon outgrowth. E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin are three members of the classical cadherin family of CAMs and are expressed in the chick visual system during peak RGC axon outgrowth. N-cadherin and R-cadherin have been shown to promote neurite outgrowth. Homophilic binding of N-cadherin mediates neurite outgrowth that is dependent upon PTPµ function. PTPµ associates with E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin. We hypothesized that E-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth requires PTPµ. We detected E-cadherin expression in RGCs and in the tectum. In retinal organ culture studies, we demonstrated that E-cadherin promotes neurite outgrowth via homophilic binding. Conversely, R-cadherin promotes neurite outgrowth through heterophilic binding with N-cadherin. We also demonstrated that E-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth requires PTPµ function. Observation of distinct growth cone morphologies on all three substrates, led us to hypothesize that unique signaling pathways are involved in E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth. Inhibition studies in retinal organ cultures demonstrated that Rac1 activity is required for E-cadherin, N-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth while Cdc42 activity is required for N-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth via IQGAP1. The scaffolding protein IQGAP1, binds to PTPµ, Cdc42 and Rac1. PTPµ also binds to RACK1, an intracellular receptor for activated protein kinase C (PKC). We demonstrated a unique requirement for the PKCδ serine-threonine kinase in E-cadherin and R-cadherin-mediated neurite outgrowth. Investigating cadherin-mediated axon outgrowth will shed light on axon growth during development and regeneration as well as contribute to the understanding of cadherin signaling in cell-cell adhesion and cell migration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brady-Kalnay, Susann.
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19.
Obney, David M.
THE ACTOR IN THE SPACE: THE INFLUENCE OF SPACE ON THE CONSTRUCTION AND CREATION OF THE ROLE OF MACBETH.
Degree: Master of Arts, Theatre Arts, 2007, University of Akron
► Space is an essential tool for actors. An actor must perceive the…
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▼ Space is an essential tool for actors. An actor must perceive the space and use it—all of it, not only the stage area. An actor must learn to see the space for what it is—the literal space of the theatre so he or she is not swept away into a world built solely in his imagination. The actor should learn to use the different landmarks to guide his precise actions. An actor must work to own the space, so he or she feels at home in the theatre. The actor must sensitize himself to the space, training himself to be a highly sensitive organism capable of instant, precise reactions to the stimuli found within. The actor must learn to trust his intimate knowledge of the space, stay within the moment, and extend his energy beyond the stage. The actor must understand how his or her internal space must be cleared of clutter so that he or she might connect to the external space. The actor should know that the space of the text promises a wealth of information, but the text must be woven into the physical acting score. The actor should be vigilant to remain attentive to all areas of space, including the space between.
Advisors/Committee Members: Slowiak, James.
Keywords: acting process; space; internal space; external space; acting; Macbeth; scansion; text; textual analysis; rehearsal behavior; sacred space; actor's tools; controlling the space; linear movement; curved movement; actions; movements; engaging body and mind
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20.
Obopile, Motshwari.
INTERACTIONS AMONG MAIZE PHENOLOGIES, TRANSGENIC BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS MAIZE AND SEED TREATMENT FOR MANAGEMENT OF PESTS AND DISEASES OF MAIZE.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Entomology, 2009, Ohio State University
► Planting date is critical in maize production because it influences the availability…
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▼ Planting date is critical in maize production because it influences the availability of growing degree days required to mature the maize crop, and the amount of pests on the crop throughout the season. The interactions among maize phenologies, transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) maize(Bt) and seed treatment were studied from 2006 to 2008 based on the following objectives: (1) To evaluate the potential use of planting dates and varying maize maturity in combination with transgenic maize and seed treatment to manage corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte), (2) To evaluate the potential use of planting dates and varying maize maturity in combination with transgenic maize on oviposition and subsequent larval injury to maize by European corn borer [Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner)], (3) To evaluate the potential use of planting dates and varying maturity of maize in combination with transgenic hybrids on stalk and ear rots incidence and severity following European corn borer infestation. Corn rootworm larval feeding was reduced by delayed planting and using transgenic Bt maize and seed treatment. When populations of corn rootworms were high, root lodging occurred on untreated maize and lodging declined in late plantings. Significant yield reduction associated with root injury occurred only in 2007 at Wooster on untreated early planted corn. Increased adult beetles feeding on maize caused silk clipping, resulting in poor seed set and reduced yield. Yield from short season hybrids were comparable to full season hybrids especially in late plantings. The European corn borer study showed higher numbers of egg masses from second generation moths on late planted corn. Injuries on stalks and leaves were significantly higher on non-transgenic corn, and increased with delayed planting. The benefit of Bt maize was more significant when planting was delayed than was early when planting. Planting Bt hybrids with resistance to European corn borer lowered both stalk rots and ear rots compared with non-Bt genotypes especially on late plantings. Compared with short season hybrids, significant reduction in stalk and ear rots occurred in full season hybrids. In summary, the results suggest that in management of European corn borer and associated diseases (rots), when planting is delayed due to unforeseen circumstances and populations would cause economic damage, planting short season Bt hybrids could be beneficial. For corn rootworms, using a seed treatment or transgenic Bt maize might be beneficial where populations are known to be high and planting is early.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hammond, Ronald B.
Subjects: Entomology
Keywords: planting date; corn rootworm; European corn borer; Bt; maize maturity; stalk rot; ear rot stalk tunneling; root injury; grain yield
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21.
Obregon, Luis J.
Cuauhtli (the Aztec eagle).
Degree: Master of Music (MM), Composition (Fine Arts), 2008, Ohio University
► “Cuauhtli” is a work for full orchestra. Its melodic and rhythmic gestures…
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▼ “Cuauhtli” is a work for full orchestra. Its melodic and rhythmic gestures are derived from the indigenous and mestizo cultures of Mexico. Its form is thoroughly composed and has a total duration of approximately 11 minutes.
Advisors/Committee Members: Phillips, Mark W.
Subjects: Music
Keywords: orchestral music; Aztec renaissance; Mexican orchestral music; orchestra; eagle; cuauhtli; latin american music
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22.
Obrenovich, Mark E.
Investigations Into the Mechanisms of Vitamin C Uptake in Rodent and Human Lens Epithelial Cells.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Pathology, 2008, Case Western Reserve University
► Vitamin C, Ascorbic Acid (ASA), was first isolated in 1928 by the…
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▼ Vitamin C, Ascorbic Acid (ASA), was first isolated in 1928 by the Hungarian biochemist and Nobel Prize winner Albert Szent-Gyorgyi. Szent-Gyorgi described this compound, as a carbohydrate derivative Hexouric acid. ASA is a water-soluble antioxidant, somewhat unstable organic acid that is easily oxidized and destroyed when in aqueous solutions, and when dry, by oxygen or alkali and high temperature conditions. In the reduced state, ASA is an essential nutrient, cofactor and antioxidant. Now, new evidence comes from carbohydrate research, which has focused largely on nonenzymatic glycation as a type of carbonyl stress in animals, first ascribed to glucose, which implicates ascorbic acid as a contributor in the same glycation-derived post-translational modifications to protein or damage to DNA, lipids and most other biomolecules. Of particularly importance are the oxidation and degradation compounds of ASA that are implicated in pathological processes, similar to glycation but in a process now referred to as ascorbylation, because they also accumulate during aging and in age-related diseases, including diabetes, Alzheimer disease, other conformational diseases and in cataracts. Non-enzymatic ascorbylation, like glycation, is also implicated in normal aging and can form many if not the same advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs, especially the crosslinks, have been hypothesized to be a major contributing factor in many pathological processes. Lens and collagen have been suggested to be the major tissues affected by glycation-mediated damage. However, it is the lens where inherently high levels of ascorbic acid are believed to be the major agent of carbohydrate damage as compared to rodents, which have low ocular levels of vitamin C. Unlike most other animals, humans cannot synthesize vitamin C, rendering dietary sources an obligate necessity. Regardless of whether or not vitamin C is synthesized de novo, its uptake into tissues must be largely facilitated by active transport through the sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters (SVCT1 and 2) in order to be concentrated against a gradient. The possibility of anionic channels and passive transport has not been entirely ruled out as part of the explanation for the homeostasis of ASA in tissues. Nevertheless, we have turned our attention to understanding the mechanism of ascorbate transport in ocular tissues and that body of work is described herein.
Advisors/Committee Members: Monnier, Vincent.
Subjects: Pathology
Keywords: Aging; lens; glycation; ascorbic acid; vitamin c; glycation; SVCT2; Epithelial Cells
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23.
O'Brien, Alicia D.
The Development of the Gullah Church.
Degree: Master of Arts, Religion, 2006, Miami University
► Using Charles Long’s hermenutic tool “signification” (a term derived from African American…
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▼ Using Charles Long’s hermenutic tool “signification” (a term derived from African American culture), this paper explores the development of the Gullah church during the era of slavery. Slaves on the South Carolina Sea Islands expressed autonomy despite their oppression by organizing religious communities that produced a new orientation in the ultimate sense, as, through religion, Gullah people made sense of their new place in the world. The Gullah church is an independent regional expression of Christianity that allowed its followers to define themselves through religious practices as they created an independent slave culture. The stories, songs and rituals produced exemplified the vitality of this expression of religion. Functioning first in the Invisible Church and later within the Praise House the church served as a community center, adding to the empowerment of the group, and providing a means of socio-religious agency that served as a foundation for continued forms of resistance.
Advisors/Committee Members: Williams, Peter W.
Keywords: Gullah; Religious expression; Praise House; Invisible Church; Shout
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24.
O'BRIEN, CATHERINE M.
AN EVALUATION OF THE PERCEIVED IMPACT OF ADVANCED LEADERSHIP TRAINING ON PRINCIPALS IN URBAN SCHOOL DISTRICT.
Degree: EdD, Education : Curriculum and Instruction, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► The objective of this study was to systematically examine the impact of…
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▼ The objective of this study was to systematically examine the impact of the Advanced Leadership Training course on a Midwest urban school district. Interviews with 29 of approximately 70 participating principals were the primary data source for the study. Each of these professionals participated in 11 half-day training sessions that occurred over a five-month period at the Academy. During this training, principals studied best practices in five domains of leadership: establishing a clear and positive direction, ensuring accountability, selecting and developing outstanding people, providing instructional leadership, and establishing positive relationships. Data included a focused interview during which principals discussed their perceptions of each of the topics covered and any impact on their professional practice or thinking as a result of participation in the course. Principals were also invited during the interview to discuss their perceptions of the training itself and how their own needs were met through the course. Data obtained during these interviews and subsequent analysis may inform those at the Academy about the principal’s activities, the impact of their activities, and impediments to greater impact. The following research will guide this investigation. The research shows that principals believed themselves to have improved their professional practice in three of the five domains of leadership covered in the course. Specific practices that were altered or initiated are reported as well as the contextual realities that inhibited and supported principal growth.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnson, Dr. Lawrence J.
Subjects: Education, Administration
Keywords: Administrator Training; Leadership; Staff Development
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25.
O’Brien, Jennifer L.
Comparison of anxiety assessment between patients and their clinicians in acute myocardial infarction patients hospitalized in the cardiac critical care unit.
Degree: Master of Science, Nursing, 2000, Ohio State University
► Anxiety is a common outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and one…
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▼ Anxiety is a common outcome after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and one that can have a negative impact on physical recovery. However, anxiety is not a component of the routine clinical assessment of AMI patients. Furthermore, there is evidence from other patient populations that patients and clinicians differ significantly in their assessments of a patient’s anxiety level. The objectives of this study were: 1) To determine the extent to which anxiety in AMI patients hospitalized in the cardiac critical care unit is assessed by clinicians; 2) To compare patients’ self-ratings of their anxiety with that of their clinicians’ assessment. In this prospective, descriptive study 101 patients, the investigators assessed patient anxiety during the first 48 hours after admission for AMI using the Speilberger State Anxiety Index (SAI). Scores on the SAI were compared to nurses’ and physicians’ assessments of the patients’ anxiety as documented in the medical record. Only 45 (44.6%) patients had documented anxiety assessments in the medical record. Of these 45 patients, 26 (58%) were described as anxious without an additional modifier to describe the level of anxiety. Eleven (24%) of these 45 patients had documentation of behaviors of anxiety, again without modifiers to indicate level of anxiety. All patients were divided into four groups based on their self-reported SAI score: 1=no anxiety to 4=high anxiety. Among the patient anxiety quartiles, there were no significant differences in the proportion of patients in whom clinicians recorded an anxiety assessment and those in whom they did not record such an assessment. When patients’ self-assessments were compared to their clinicians’ assessments, there was no association between the two. (lamba = .03; p > .05). Anxiety was not routinely assessed in these patients despite the fact that close to half reported moderate or extreme anxiety when asked. When anxiety was assessed by a nurse or a physician, patients’ self-rating of anxiety poorly matched that of the professional. The lack of attention to the appropriate assessment of anxiety suggests that a simple, easy to use instrument that discriminates levels of anxiety is needed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Moser, Debra K.
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26.
O'brien, John.
A Comparison of the Philosophical Developments in Greece and China during the 5th Century B.C.
Degree: Bachelor of Arts, College of Arts and Sciences - History, 2003, Miami University Honors Theses
► The purpose of this thesis was to study the ideas and teachings…
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▼ The purpose of this thesis was to study the ideas and teachings of Confucius and Socrates in order to better understand the relationship between these two distinctive and immensely important responses to socio-political crises. The methods I used to make this comparison included a study of primary and secondary sources, which formed the background for my discussions. For the analysis, I principally relied on the texts specifically attributed to the teachings of Socrates and Confucius (a note on the authorship and authenticity of these sources is included before the analysis). Based on these accounts, I drew comparisons between the two philosophers (and Plato) and noted the points of contrast as well. In this way, I found a number of significant similarities, namely in pedagogical method and emphasis on virtue. These values had a clearly pragmatic application in preparing individuals for roles of leadership and in creating a well-ordered, ideal society. The major difference that I found was in the idea of inherited nature in relation to the necessity of proper development. In conclusion, these philosophies seem very much to be similar responses to their respective situations, and those solutions contain meaningful commonalities that cross cultural boundaries.
Advisors/Committee Members: Rose, Peter W.
Subjects: History, General
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27.
O'Brien, Meghan.
A Pilot Proteomic Analysis: The Study of P19 Cells in Cardiac Differentiation.
Degree: Master of Science in Biology, Department of Biological Sciences, 2008, Youngstown State University
► This study utilized a proteomics-based approach for the purpose of better understanding…
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▼ This study utilized a proteomics-based approach for the purpose of better understanding cardiomyocyte differentiation. In particular, the study concentrated on those proteins involved in differentiation of P19 cells into cardiomyocytes. This type of research is vital to the medical field where there is an immense need for novel therapies that involve the use of an individual's own stem cells for generating new cardiomyocytes. The P19 cell line was used as a model for gaining more insight into those proteins possibly involved in differentiation of human adult stem cells into new cardiomyocytes. To accomplish this task, P19 cells were cultured in a 1% DMSO medium to induce differentiation and harvested at specific time points. The harvested samples were then subjected to a Modified Bradford Assay, which determined protein concentration. After determination of each samples' protein concentration, the samples were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DGE) which produced a protein profile for each sample. To visualize these protein “maps”, gels were initially stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue stain. Upon obtaining preliminary data, 2DGE was carried out again, this time using the highly sensitive SYPRO Ruby protein gel stain to visualize proteins. The SYPRO stained gels were subjected to analysis using PDQuest software for in-depth comparison of the protein profiles on each gel. Resultant data suggested a change in the protein profiles at specific time points during differentiation. This change in proteins expressed by the P19 cells signifies a change in gene expression and thus a change in cell function. Future work includes excising those differentially protein spots and subjecting them to mass spectrometry for exact identification of those proteins possibly involved in cardiomyocyte differentiation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Walker, Gary.
Subjects: Biology; Cellular biology
Keywords: P19 cell line; proteomics; differentiation
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28.
O'Brien, Morgan J. III.
Religious Pluralism in Mauritius and Turkey.
Degree: Master of Arts (MA), International and Comparative Politics, 2007, Wright State University
► This thesis examines the treatment and facilitation of religious pluralism in Mauritius…
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▼ This thesis examines the treatment and facilitation of religious pluralism in Mauritius and Turkey. The thesis utilizes a most-different comparative case study, and argues for the existence of a tipping point that ultimately compels the elected leadership to act. The two states were chosen as most different cases due to their marked difference in religious diversity within each state, as Turkey is almost universally Muslim and Mauritius is very diverse, with large percentages of Christian, Muslim and Buddhist followers on the island state.
Advisors/Committee Members: Luehrmann, Laura.
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29.
O'Brien, Zhihong Zhang.
Pharmacokinetics, in vitro absorption and metabolism of perillyl alcohol, a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Pharmacy, 2004, Ohio State University
► Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a metabolite of the essential oil’s major component,…
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▼ Perillyl alcohol (POH) is a metabolite of the essential oil’s major component, d-limonene. It is currently in phase I and II clinical trials as a chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agent. Previous pharmacokinetic studies using a GC/MS method detected POH metabolites, but not POH itself. In addition, there was inadequate metabolism and absorption information available for POH. This project aimed to develop a more sensitive GC/MS method for the quantification of POH. Additionally, a LC/MS assay method was developed to probe the Phase II metabolism of POH. The absorption and metabolism of POH was investigated in both rats and humans. Finally, bioavailability of POH in humans was estimated based on the in vivo and in vitro correlation of POH hepatic clearance. The quantification limits for POH, PA (perillic acid), cis- and trans-DHPA (dihydroperillic acid), using a GC/MS method, were <10 ng/ml. The assay was validated in rat and human plasma with the within-run and between-run coefficients of variation all less than 8%. The LC/MS assay method was able to detect POH and its metabolites but the method has yet to be fully validated. The oral bioavailability in the rat was 4.5%. Plasma POH levels in patients receiving oral dose of 500 mg/m2 were below 10 ng/ml. The low in vivo exposure of POH was primarily caused by its metabolism in the GI tract and in liver. In vitro Caco-2 permeability studies suggested that the GI tract was highly permeable to POH. An in vitro rat hepatocyte study result indicated an oral bioavailability of 4%, which agreed well with the measured bioavailability of 4.5% in rat. Accordingly, POH bioavailability in the human was estimated to be 2%. POH was rapidly converted to phase I and phase II metabolites after oral dosing. Its major phase II metabolites included conjugates of cysteine, acetylcysteine, glucuronide and glutathione. This study also provided evidence that two isomers of PA were produced as metabolites.
Advisors/Committee Members: Chan, Kenneth.
Keywords: perillyl alcohol, absorption, metabolism, in vitro-in vivo correlation, bioavailability, GC/MS, LC/MS
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30.
Obrycki, John F.
Broadening the Communities to Which We Belong: Iowa, Agriculture, and the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture.
Degree: Bachelor of Philosophy, School Of Interdisciplinary Studies - Environmental Studies, 2008, Miami University Honors Theses
► It is the argument of this project that the Leopold Center for…
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▼ It is the argument of this project that the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture at Iowa State University provides a model* for an institutionalized approach to agricultural issues. Located at a land-grant university, created through legislative action, and currently operating on a budget of $2 million, the Center’s approach to agricultural issues is a combination of economic, social, political, and ecological concerns that seeks to find production alternatives that are beneficial in the long-run for people and the planet. Furthermore, the Center brings together a broadly based agricultural community comprised of those within and outside of university settings to effectively conceptualize issues and enact change. Established in 1987 and named after Aldo Leopold, an important conservationist and wildlife management expert in the first half of the twentieth century, learning more about the Center’s research efforts sheds insight into the current structure of the American agricultural system and the opportunities and limitations that exist in striving to shift the system towards more sustainable production methods. A dual practical and philosophical approach to fostering change in Iowa’s farming system forms the foundation of the Center’s efforts. The asterisk represents the constraints to the Center as a model from economic, social, and political factors. However, during the past 20 years the Center and the research it funds have been able to overcome some of these obstacles. The Center deserves closer investigation due to its wide-reaching implications and lessons for shifting agricultural production practices towards more sustainable methods.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cummins, Hays.
Subjects: Agriculture; History
Keywords: Iowa; sustainable agriculture; farming; Leopold Center; groundwater; Aldo Leopold
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