1072 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [36]
1.
Paasche, James C.
Documenting the Expert: The Films of Errol Morris.
Degree: Master of Arts (MA), Popular Culture, 2007, Bowling Green State University
► In a society increasingly influenced by the pronouncements of experts, it is…
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▼ In a society increasingly influenced by the pronouncements of experts, it is important to examine the rhetorical construction of expertise. Experts exert their power by the language they use to describe their fields of expertise. Gaining their power by the authority invested in them within their demarcated field, experts often stray outside the boundaries of their expertise. They pass judgment or offer opinions founded not on a wealth of knowledge, but from an assumed position of power and respect. Documentary filmmaker Errol Morris focuses his films on the language of his subjects, be they worm farmers or heads of state. Morris’s desire to capture the subjective malleability of truth mirrors the expert’s verbal construction of his own expertise. Lost within the worlds they have created in their minds, Morris’s subjects offer differing examples of the expert both within the dominant power system and outside of it. Morris examines how the power of language allows his subjects to become experts in whatever field, real or imaginary, they choose. This thesis combines modern theoretical explorations of the functions of the expert with close readings of Morris’s films. By centering his films on the language of experts, Morris documents an ever-changing, highly personal form of expertise, offering oppositional examples to the hegemonic expert figure that dominates most discussions of expertise.
Advisors/Committee Members: Motz, Marilyn.
Subjects: Cinema
Keywords: Errol Morris; Expertise; Experts; Documentary Film
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2.
Pabba, Sowmya.
Effects of Cyclodextrin on Extraction and Fungal Remediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon-contaminated Mahoning River Sediment.
Degree: Master of Science in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 2008, Youngstown State University
► The effects of β-cyclodextrin on the extraction and fungal remediation of PAHs…
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▼ The effects of β-cyclodextrin on the extraction and fungal remediation of PAHs in historically contaminated river sediment were examined in this study. Sediment collected from Lowellville, Ohio were incubated for 42 days and amended with paper, sawdust nitrogen supplement to stimulate fungal growth. The surfactant, β-cyclodextrin was added to increase the availability of non-polar PAHs from the sediment. The samples were extracted via a sonication method based on the USEPA method 3550, purified and analyzed by GC-MS. The total low molecular weight PAHs showed degradation of 64% and the total high molecular weight PAHs, a degradation of 57% for the sediment treated with the fungi Pleurotus ostreatus, sawdust and nitrogen. The low molecular weight compound fluorene degraded by 76% for sawdust-treated samples amended with fungi and β-cyclodextrin whereas the high molecular weight PAH chrysene showed only 8% degradation for the same treatment. Overall the effect of β-cyclodextrin on the PAH degradation was inconsistent, it did not improve the most effective treatment (sawdust, fungi and nitrogen), but did improve the degradation in less effective treatments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Johnston, Carl.
Subjects: Biology; Chemistry
Keywords: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; beta cyclodextrin; fungal remediation
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3.
Pace, Carl Elliot.
The biblical perspective on the Midbār and the "nomadic ideal" hypothesis.
Degree: Master of Arts, Near Eastern Languages and Cultures, 2005, Ohio State University
► This paper is about the imagery and ideology of the desert in…
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▼ This paper is about the imagery and ideology of the desert in the Hebrew Bible. It is an investigation of how the biblical authors conceptualized the desert as a place and as a period in Israel's history. A necessary part of the investigation into the biblical ideology of the desert is the discussion of the "nomadic ideal," an hypothesis proposed at the turn of the century. This hypothesis, though it has been largely dismissed, is an important milestone in the discussion of the ideology of the desert and the nomad in the Bible that cannot be ignored. The hypothesis claimed that the biblical prophets idealized the desert as the home of Yahweh and the original homeland of Israel, to which the prophets wished to return. The premise of this paper is to summarize the main arguments and to define the state of the field of research on the biblical ideology of the desert. This investigation has included the discussion of the "nomadic ideal" and its implications. A review has been conducted of four key works: those of two proponents of the "nomadic ideal," K.Budde and J.W. Flight, and those of two opponents of the "nomadic ideal," P. Riemann and S. Talmon. Each work has been reviewed on its own and critiqued. Special attention has been given to two passages in the Bible that have become standard in the discussion: Hos 2:16-17 and Jer 2:2ff. Language materials in Hebrew, Akkadian and Ugaritic have been used to establish a contextual understanding of the biblical ideology of the desert. An investigation has been conducted into Mesopotamian ideologies of the desert and the city in order to suggest possible cultural contexts for the Israelite perspective on both. Various ancient near eastern texts have been cited as evidence of a common ideology of the desert. The conclusion reached in this paper is that the biblical authors held a negative perspective on the desert. The desert was chaos, the home of demons, a place of destruction, and the realization of divine punishment. There is no idealization of the desert or the nomadic life in the prophets. The positive value found in Hos 2:16-17 and Jer 2:2 is not associated with the desert. It is the result of other themes in each passage that implicate Yahweh as the source of positive value. Even in these passages, the desert does not lose its negative connotation. Rather, a negative connotation of the desert is necessary to the function of many of the relevant passages. It is hoped that the reader will gain an adequate knowledge of all the key issues in the discussion. Further, it is hoped that this analysis will function both as a tool for advancing research in the area of ancient Israelite and ancient near eastern ideologies of space and as a corrective measure for other scholars, in light of the fact that the "nomadic ideal" hypothesis has unjustifiably survived in the works of recent scholars, such as B. Levine (1993), B. Bandstra (1999), and M. Homan (2002)
Advisors/Committee Members: Meier, Sam.
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4.
Pace, Debra Ann.
Increasing protective factors in "at-risk" youth through an after-school program that combines caring adults, physical Activity and Sports, and Initiative Building.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Physical Activity and Educational Services, 2003, Ohio State University
► Many youth are growing up amidst adversity (National Research Council, 2002) and…
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▼ Many youth are growing up amidst adversity (National Research Council, 2002) and risk factors such as poerty, violence, single-parent homes, and substance abuse (Anderson-Butcher, 2000; Hawkins, Catalano, and Miller, 1992). Poor economic and family circumstances prove challenging to the positive development of these youth (National Research Council, 2002). They face numerous challenges with few personal and economic resources to buffer them from the negative consequences of such circumstances (National Reserach Council, 2002). However, some research indicates that as youth build protective facotrs, these negative consequences are lessened (Blum et al., 2000). Still, the creation of programs aimed at developing protective factors in youth and empirical examination of programs' effectiveness is an understudied area (Catalano et al., 1999). This study examined an after-school program designed to increase protective factors in youth. A quasi-experimental research design was coupled with qualitative observations and interviews in this study. An after-school sports program focusing on teaching the social skills cooperation and self-control was offered to 4th and 5th graders attending Deuce Elementary School, a low-performing school in the Rabat Public School District. Twelve students received the treatment 20 times over the course of 15 weeks. Eleven students self-selected into the control group that received no treatment. All 23 students were given The Social Skills Rating System, a self-report questionnaire assessing children's social skill behaivors two times throughout the study. A MANCOVA was used to determine if the after-school program was successful in increasing the youths' social skills (cooperation and self-control). Additionally, observations and interviews were analyzed to determine whether the youths demonstrated any behavior changes. Finally, the qualitative data was used to determine which components of the after-school program were effective in attracting and retaining youths as well as bringing about the changes in behavior. Quantitative results showed no significant differences in cooperation and self-control as a result of participation in the after-school program. Qualitative findings, however, demonstrated increases in cooperation and self-control throughout the treatment. Furthermore, these findings showed that a combination of caring adults and physical activity and sports attracted the youths to the program and were most effective in bringing about behavior changes. Future research should be directed at enhancing one-on-one mentoring in youth sports programs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fink, Janet S.
Subjects: Education, Physical
Keywords: "at-risk" youth; protective factors; mentoring; physical activity
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5.
Pace, Lisa A.
CHANGING THE WORLD ONE STITCH AT A TIME: KNITTING AS A MEANS OF SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ACTIVISM.
Degree: Master of Arts, Family and Consumer Sciences-Clothing, Textiles and Interiors, 2007, University of Akron
► The latest revival of knitting, which began around the year 2000, is…
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▼ The latest revival of knitting, which began around the year 2000, is part of a history of hand-crafts revivals occurring over the last 150 years. What sets the current revival apart from its predecessors is the use of knitting in the larger context of Progressive social and political activism. The revival has its roots in the social movements that began in the 1960s (feminism, ecology, civil rights, and anti-war) that became permanent though often unrecognized fixtures of Western culture and thought. As part of the larger Post-Modern world, activist knitters in the twenty-first century have continued their advocacy of human rights and the peace movement and have further championed a broad spectrum of social justice and ecological causes. The communication revolution afforded by the World-Wide Web has allowed like-minded individuals to connect and participate in a grassroots movement largely unrecognized and unreported by corporate media, leading knitting to become a personal and collective symbol of both empowerment and dissent as well as a tactic of protest.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gunn, Virginia.
Subjects: Fine Arts
Keywords: knitting, activism, feminism, do-it-yourself, DIY
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7.
Pachai Kannu, Arun.
Communications over noncoherent doubly selective channels.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Electrical Engineering, 2007, Ohio State University
► Wireless communication systems transferring broadband data in high mobility situations encounter fading…
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▼ Wireless communication systems transferring broadband data in high mobility situations encounter fading channels which are both time and frequency selective. In the noncoherent scenario, the time varying impulse response of the doubly selective channel (DSC) is not available at both the transmitter and the receiver. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of communications over such noncoherent doubly selective channels. Our work has two main themes: to find the fundamental limits on the information rates for reliable communication across noncoherent DSC and to develop simple and efficient encoding/decoding techniques to achieve the promised information rates. Towards this end, we consider block transmissions over DSC and utilize complex-exponential (CE) basis expansion model (BEM) to characterize the channel variation within a block. For noncoherent CE-BEM DSC, we characterize the prelog factor of the constrained ergodic channel capacity in the high SNR regime, when the channel inputs are continuously distributed. Next, we consider the design of pilot aided transmissions (PAT) for CE-BEM DSC, which embeds known pilot signals that the receiver uses to estimate the channel. For a given fixed pilot energy, we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions on the pilot/data pattern to attain minimum mean squared error (MMSE), uncover time-frequency duality of MMSE-PAT structures and obtain novel MMSE-PAT patterns. We obtain bounds on the ergodic achievable rates of MMSE-PAT schemes and perform high signal to noise ratio (SNR) asymptotic analysis which suggests that, a multi-carrier MMSE-PAT achieves higher rates than a single-carrier MMSE-PAT when the channel's delay spread dominates its Doppler spread, and vice versa. We also establish that the pre-log factor of the ergodic rates of all the MMSE-PAT patterns are strictly less than that of the constrained channel capacity, for strictly doubly selective channels. We also design spectrally efficient PAT schemes whose asymptotic achievable rates have the same pre-log factor as that of the constrained channel capacity. Our results provide insights on how the DSC's delay spread and Doppler spread influence the constrained channel capacity and the PAT design. We also extend the MMSE-PAT design to multi-input multi-output (MIMO) CE-BEM DSC.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schniter, Philip.
Keywords: Noncoherent channels; doubly selective channels; doubly dispersive channels; noncoherent communication; spectral efficiency; channel capacity; achievable rates; pilot symbols; training symbols; channel estimation; minimum mean squared error
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8.
PACHAIMUTHU, PRIYADARSHINI.
OPTIMIZING GRAPH PARTITIONING FOR HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Computer Engineering, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Heterogeneous network of workstations consists of a collection of PC’s or workstations…
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▼ Heterogeneous network of workstations consists of a collection of PC’s or workstations connected together by a network to produce high computational power without the high cost of supercomputers. It can be modeled as a graph, and graph partitioning can be used to divide a problem among the different nodes of the network. Traditional graph partitioning algorithms use edge cut as a metric for partitioning. Although it might work for homogeneous networks, heterogeneous network need a better cost function, which takes into account the message latency and network bandwidth. This thesis aims to factor these conditions into a new cost equation which was calculated for a given network. Multilevel graph partitioning tool METIS [9] was used to partition an example graph. The resulting partitions were optimized, with a mapping and boundary removal algorithm based on the new cost equations, and demonstrates that the communication cost of the application was reduced.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tomko, Dr. Karen.
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9.
Pachana, Nancy Ann.
Related factors in creativity, dream recall and relaxation ability.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 1992, Case Western Reserve University
► The purpose of the present study was to describe the relationship among…
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▼ The purpose of the present study was to describe the relationship among creativity, dream recall frequency and relaxation ability as it was affected by allocentricity and anxiety in a group of undergraduate students. An allocentric attitude involves an objective (as opposed to a subjective) view of objects; receptivity to ideas and people; a non-judgmental attitude; and an ability to focus attention completely on the subject at hand. Anxiety was measured by performance on the state-trait anxiety inventory. The effect of gender on the relationships among these factors also was examined. Sixty-three undergraduate subjects recruited from introductory psychology courses completed a series of questionnaires measuring allocentricity, creativity, dream recall frequency, self-reported subjective relaxation level, state and trait anxiety levels and demographic variables. Each subject then participated in a 20-minute relaxation exercise employing autogenic training. Changes in subjects' hand temperature were measured with biofeedback equipment to provide an objective, non-intrusive measure of relaxation. The data were analyzed in two parts. First, the overall relationship between allocentricity, creativity, dream recall frequency, relaxation ability and anxiety were examined. Allocentricity was unrelated to creativity, dream recall frequenc y or objective relaxation. Greater allocentricity was positively correlated with greater subjective relaxation and lower state and trait anxiety. Greater creativity was associated with greater subjective relaxation. Finally, greater subjective relaxation was associated with lesser state and trait anxiety. Second, in order to explore the impact of allocentricity and state anxiety on the relationships established in the first part of the study, the subjects were split into high- and low-allocentric, and high- and low-anxious groups, based on their allocentricity and anxiety measure scores. High allocentric individuals scored higher on the subjective relaxation inventory than did low allocentric individuals. Low allocentric individuals perceived themselves to be much more relaxed following the relaxation exercise relative to high allocentric individuals. High anxious individuals were more allocentric than low anxious individuals. High anxious individuals were less objectively relaxed after the relaxation exercise than low anxious individuals. However, both high and low anxious individuals rated themselves as being more relaxed after the relaxation exercise, with high anxious individuals rating themselves as much more relaxed after the exercise, relative to low anxious individuals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Short, Elizabeth.
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical
Keywords: creativity; dream recall; relaxation ability
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10.
PACHMERHIWALA, RASHIDA.
Relationships between MDMA induced increases in extracellular glucose, glycogenolysis in brain and hyperthermia.
Degree: MS, Pharmacy : Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► The acute administration of MDMA has been shown to promote glycogenolysis and…
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▼ The acute administration of MDMA has been shown to promote glycogenolysis and increase the extracellular concentration of glucose in the striatum. In the present study the role of 5-HT and/or NE pathways in the MDMA induced increase in extracellular glucose and glycogenolysis was assessed. The relationship of this response to MDMA induced hyperthermia also was determined. The administration of MDMA (10mg/kg, ip) resulted in a significant and sustained increase (50-100%) in the extracellular concentration of glucose not only in the striatum but also in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus without altering peripheral blood glucose concentrations. Treatment of rats with fluoxetine (10mg/kg, ip) significantly attenuated the MDMA induced increase in extracellular glucose in the striatum but had no effect on MDMA induced hyperthermia or glycogenolysis. Treatment with prazosin (1mg/kg, ip) did not alter the glucose or glycogen responses to MDMA but completely suppressed the MDMA induced hyperthermia. Finally, propranolol (3mg/kg, ip) significantly attenuated the MDMA induced increase in extracellular glucose and glycogenolysis but did not alter MDMA induced hyperthermia. The present results suggest that MDMA increases extracellular glucose in multiple brain regions, and that this response involves both 5HT and NE mechanisms. Furthermore, β adrenergic and α adrenergic receptors appear to contribute to MDMA-induced glycogenolysis and hyperthermia, respectively. Finally, hyperthermia, glycogenolysis and elevated extracellular glucose appear to be independent unrelated responses to acute MDMA administration.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gudelsky, Gary.
Subjects: Pharmacology
Keywords: MDMA, glucose, serotonin, norepinephrine,glycogenolysis,hyperthermia
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11.
Pacholok, Shelley.
Masculinities in crisis: a case study of the Mountain Park Fire.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Sociology, 2007, Ohio State University
► This study investigates how workers respond to challenges on the job that…
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▼ This study investigates how workers respond to challenges on the job that threaten their identities. In order to study this phenomenon, I undertook a case study of a catastrophic wildfire, as the events surrounding the fire created two assaults on workers sense of self—failure and status inequality. I explore how firefighters negotiated these identity challenges; specifically, the identity management strategies that they used to rescue their dignity and self-esteem, and (re)construct credible occupational selves. Further, I examine the consequences of their strategies for interpersonal relations, and gender and work equality. The findings are based on 40 in-depth interviews, fieldwork observations, and qualitative analyses of government transcripts and media accounts of the fire. Drawing on gendered organizations theory, I demonstrate that while firefighting is a highly masculinized occupation, the presence of competent women firefighters creates tensions and contradictions for identity construction. Men firefighters discursively attempted to re-establish the link between firefighting and masculinity in order to preserve their occupational gender identities and privileged status. The ways in which women firefighters constructed their occupational identities aided in reproducing and naturalizing the masculinized nature of their work. However, I also show that firefighters invoked myths of gender neutrality, and periodically distanced themselves from the masculine stereotypes associated with their occupation. Further, I illustrate that firefighters’ occupational cultures champion winning. I demonstrate that firefighters felt like they failed, and argue that this challenged their occupational and gender identities. The identity management strategies that firefighters invoked in an effort to rescue their self-esteem included transferring responsibility, shifting focus, and minimizing losses. I also posit that tactics, like finger pointing, have negative consequences for inter-group solidarity. Finally, I show how the organization of the firefighting efforts, and unequal support and praise from the public and the media, resulted in a hierarchy between firefighting groups that undermined firefighters’ identities. This created inter-group tension and conflicts, which firefighters resolved using identity management strategies that positioned some occupational groups as superior and others as subordinate. I demonstrate that we cannot fully understand firefighters’ strategies for negotiating this hierarchy without examining masculinity dynamics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Curry, Timothy J.
Subjects: Sociology, General
Keywords: identity; masculinity; work; disaster
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12.
Pachos, Alexander.
An Empirical Study of Cave Passage Dimensions Using Augmented Radial and Longitudinal Survey Data.
Degree: Master of Science, Geology, 2008, University of Akron
► This experiment evaluated the spatial data requirements necessary to achieve a high…
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▼ This experiment evaluated the spatial data requirements necessary to achieve a high degree of accuracy when calculating cave passage volume. In this study a series of cave passage surveys were performed, and the data were then analyzed to determine the effect additional data on accurate calculations of cross-sectional areas and volumes in cave passages. It was hypothesized that the accuracy of area and volume calculations would increase as data points were added to a given survey and conversely that accuracy would decrease as data points were removed. Survey stations were closely spaced along a longitudinal transect in each of the studied cave passage segments. At each station a radial survey of a cross-sectional slice of cave passage was made using a tripod-mounted laser rangefinder, that rotated to predetermined angular stops, in a plane roughly normal to the longitudinal axis of the passage. The sequence of cross-sectional slices divided the passage into segments or slabs of space whose volumes could then be calculated as irregular cylinders. Four cave passage transects from two caves in the West Virginia Appalachian Plateau were surveyed. At each station there were 32 cross-sectional radial measurements made, creating a total of 2,688 data points for the study The purpose of using closely spaced survey stations and 32 radial points to gather the data was to create a dense data point calculations. After the full data sets were analyzed, data were selectively deleted to examine whether there was a point of diminishing returns for the amount of data necessary to make reasonably accurate volume calculations. Some aspects of the data deletion exercise simulated the type of data that would be collected with traditional cave surveying techniques that use distantly spaced survey stations and LRUD (Left, Right, Up, Down) cross-sectional measurements. The results revealed that increasing both longitudinal data and radial data does increase the accuracy of volume calculations. However, it was also found there is a qualitative difference between radial and longitudinal data, in the contribution to accurate volume calculations. In three of the four studied cave passages, an increase in data points resulting from an addition of stations but a simultaneous deletion of radial points actually decreased the accuracy of the volume calculations. In the fourth cave passage there was no recognizable difference between the contributions of the radial and longitudinal data. Nevertheless, volume calculations made using depleted data sets never varied from those of the complete data sets by more than ~22%, irrespective of the data type. Therefore, measurements made using traditional cave surveying techniques are well with an order of magnitude for accuracy. Cross-sectional area calculations made using depleted radial data showed much more variability than the volume calculations. However, the area calculations made using depleted radial data never varied from the 32 radial point calculations by more than ~ 40 percent. The value of this experiment for cave surveyors and those researchers who use their data is that it provides a starting point for determining how much survey data may be needed to meet particular project requirements.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sasowsky, Ira.
Subjects: Archaeology; Civil engineering; Earth; Ecology; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Geochemistry; Geography; Geology; Geophysics; Geotechnology; Hydrology; Paleoecology; Petroleum production
Keywords: Caves; cave surveying; cave volume; Scott Hollow Cave; Snedegar's Cave; karst; carbonate bedrock; West Virginia
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14.
Paciotti, Robert Neil.
AN EVALUATION OF NITROGEN OXIDE EMISSION FROM A LIGHT-DUTY HYBRID-ELECTRIC VEHICLE TO MEET U.S.E.P.A. REQUIREMENTS USING A DIESEL ENGINE.
Degree: Master of Science, Mechanical Engineering, 2007, University of Akron
► A diesel engine was tested in a laboratory setting over the range…
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▼ A diesel engine was tested in a laboratory setting over the range that it is expected to operate in a hybrid vehicle. An efficient experiment design was created to minimize both the amount of required data and error introduced into the final results. Through combustion modeling, collected data for the engine’s intake air and fuel mass flow as well as volumetric exhaust content data was used to determine levels of engine-out mass flow of NOx over the engine’s operating domain. Several fuel consumption and NOx emission parameters were calculated and regression models were developed to produce baseline engine maps. Based on the baseline maps, targeted engine operation points were selected to examine how the vehicle’s hybrid control strategy might be tuned towards engine operation that provides lowered NOx emission at the cost of fuel economy. Results show that quite significant levels of NOx reduction can be had at a small cost in increased fuel use. However, even at reduced engine-out levels, NOx emission is still relatively considerable in terms of meeting standards set for by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. The use and effectiveness of selective catalyst reduction by injection of urea into the exhaust stream to treat engine-out NOx is also explored in this thesis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Gross, Richard J.
Subjects: Engineering, Automotive
Keywords: diesel; emissions; engine; combustion modeling; nitrogen oxide; nitrogen oxides
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15.
Packard, Jill M. E.
Environmental education and the dimensions of sustainability: An analysis of the curriculum of the Cuahoga Valley Education Center.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Environmental Studies (Arts and Sciences), 2007, Ohio University
► This study examines the curriculum of Cuyahoga Valley Environmental Education Center (CVEEC),…
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▼ This study examines the curriculum of Cuyahoga Valley Environmental Education Center (CVEEC), in order to determine whether or not it is promoting strong or weak sustainability. It is presented that the bioregion provides intangible and non-sustitutable “identity information” to society that links education to strong sustainability through the inherent valuation present in decision making. The program places students in a hypothetical decision making process, which gives evidence to ecocentrically based decisions. The program educates students in the three dimensions of sustainability: environmental, economic, and social domains. The program uses identity information from the bioregion as a basis for instruction. The program consists of activities that allow students to make decisions regarding environmental issues relating to sustainability that result in ecocentric based decisions. The analysis of this paper serves as the basis for a framework that defines how an environmental education program might be considered to be promoting strong sustainability.
Advisors/Committee Members: Manring, Nancy J.
Keywords: environmental education; sustainability; strong sustainability; weak sustainability; curriculum; identity information; bioregionalism; intangible value of nature; valuation of nature
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17.
Packer, Jeffrey M.
Negotiating the Borderland: Thresholds in Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Paul Celan, and Peter Handke.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Germanic Languages and Literature, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► My dissertation, Negotiating the Borderland: Thresholds in Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Paul Celan,…
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▼ My dissertation, Negotiating the Borderland: Thresholds in Hugo von Hofmannsthal, Paul Celan, and Peter Handke, focuses on the threshold imagery of these three writers as a means of approaching the often contradictory issues of modernity in the twentieth century. Thresholds offer a literary means for writers to dwell momentarily in an instant of calm amidst the chaos of the modern world. By setting their works within threshold regions, these authors create new spaces that simultaneously maintain an element of separation from society and reestablish a relationship to it. Threshold metaphors are about transgressing boundaries and pushing the limits, but also about lingering "in between" them. A threshold functions as a bridge between extremes in which opposite sides of a paradox coexist The thresholds I explore fall into three general categories: thresholds of time, thresholds of place, and thresholds of language. They take such forms as doorways, rivers, the instant between waking and sleeping, or a turn of breath before speaking. These three threshold types correspond to aspects of spatial, temporal, and linguistic fragmentation that are characteristic of the twentieth-century experience. The cause-and-effect relationship between the three becomes blurred as they come to represent a complex of ideas more than a linear progression from one to the next. These different types of thresholds can be combined to explore fragmentation on all levels as individuals negotiate the boundaries of speech and history and their position in them. I contend that the threshold as a metaphor can both define the phenomenon discussed above, and hint at a resolution of the fragmentation resulting from the pressures of modernity. The threshold becomes a symbol for symbolism per se, by standing as a part, or fragment, for the whole. And it is this wholeness informed and given depth by an awareness of fragmentation that can be discovered in the threshold.
Advisors/Committee Members: Herzog, Dr. Todd.
Keywords: Thresholds; borders; Hugo von Hofmannsthal; Paul Celan; Peter Handke; twentieth century literature
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18.
PACK, JULIENNE R.
ENVIRONMENTAL DURABILITY EVALUATION OF EXTERNALLY BONDED COMPOSITES.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Civil Engineering, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► The durability of three types of fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP plate, CFRP…
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▼ The durability of three types of fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP plate, CFRP fabric, and GFRP fabric) used for strengthening concrete structures was evaluated. Both material and bond specimens were subjected to conditioning treatments that are likely to occur in civil infrastructure. Samples were exposed to 100% humidity, alkalinity, salt water, dry heat, freeze/thaw cycling, vehicle fuel, and UV radiation for various durations and then were tested and compared to baseline sample values to determine if deterioration took place at a material or bond level. The CFRP plate tensile specimens experienced an increase in strength from the benefits of a post-curing period while at the same time experienced a decrease in thickness. The decrease in thickness was most likely due to chemical degradation of the resin matrix, and/or as a result of post-curing. The CFRP fabric experienced a post-curing period for a much shorter duration than the plate. The bond specimens exposed to elevated temperatures, moisture, and chemical solutions suffered an apparent trend of deterioration along the bond line, which progressed into material failure for specimens exposed for longer durations. The GFRP fabric bond specimens followed a trend similar to the CFRP fabric specimens when exposed to moisture and chemical solutions. The rate of deterioration due to the chemical attack of alkalinity was much faster than the attack due to salt water. Reinforced concrete beams strengthened with the three materials were exposed to a combined treatment of freeze/thaw cycling and UV radiation and then tested in flexure and compared to the performance of non-conditioned strengthened beams. The GFRP fabric specimens were the only beams impacted by the conditioning. The treatment resulted in fiber surface pitting and, based on the observed failure modes, increased brittleness of the material.
Advisors/Committee Members: Shahrooz, Dr. Bahram M.
Subjects: Engineering, Civil
Keywords: externally bonded FRPs; durability of FRPs; CFRP and GFRP bonded to concrete; creep Tg, ILSS, tensile properties; flexural response to conditioned FRPs
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19.
Pack, Megan Denise.
The Effect of Voice Disorders on Adolescents’ Physical/Social Concerns and Career Decisions.
Degree: Master of Arts, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2008, Miami University
► The effect of voice disorders on adolescents' physical/social concerns and career decisions…
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▼ The effect of voice disorders on adolescents' physical/social concerns and career decisions has not been previously reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of voice disorders following airway reconstruction surgery upon physical/educational concerns, social concerns, as well as career decisions in comparison to control participants. Sixteen experimental participants between the ages of 14 and 18 years were gender- and grade-matched with 16 control participants, who had no history of voice disorder or airway surgery. All participants were administered a 31-question survey via telephone. Results indicated that experimental participants had lower self-reported quality of life in the areas of physical/educational concerns and social concerns in comparison with control participants. Career decisions did not differ significantly from experimental to control participants.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weinrich, Barbara.
Subjects: Speech therapy
Keywords: airway reconstruction, dysphonia, career decisions, quality of life
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20.
Pack, Miranda Dawn.
The Effect of Voice Disorders on Physical/Social Concerns and Career Decisions in Adults.
Degree: Master of Arts, Speech Pathology and Audiology, 2008, Miami University
► This was a pilot study to describe the long-term effects of voice…
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▼ This was a pilot study to describe the long-term effects of voice disorders following laryngotracheal reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of childhood laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery on adult physical/educational concerns, social concerns, career decisions, and overall voice rating. Ten adults with a history of laryngotracheal reconstruction surgery were recruited from the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center's database to undergo a survey via telephone. Ten additional adults without a history of laryngeal reconstruction surgery were age-, gender- and education-matched to the experimental participants for administration of the same survey. Results indicated significantly lower self-reported quality of life for adults, post-laryngotracheal reconstruction, in the areas of physical/educational concerns and social concerns in comparison with control participants. There was no significant difference in self-reported quality of life in the areas of career decisions and overall voice rating for experimental participants in comparison with control participants.
Advisors/Committee Members: Weinrich, Barbara.
Subjects: Speech therapy
Keywords: airway reconstructive surgery; dysphonia; social and career decisions; quality of life
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21.
Pack, Simon M.
Antecedents and consequences of perceived organizational support for NCAA athletic administrators.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Physical Activity and Educational Services, 2005, Ohio State University
► A majority of the literature regarding employee-organization relationships has focused on perceived…
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▼ A majority of the literature regarding employee-organization relationships has focused on perceived organizational support (POS) (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa, 1986). POS is defined as employees’ formation of global beliefs pertaining to how much the organization cares about their well-being and values their contributions. In accordance with Eisenberger et al. (1986) the overarching purpose of the current study was to investigate athletic administrators’ POS. More specifically, the primary purposes of this study were to: (a) examine the antecedents of POS; (b) examine the consequences of POS, including, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intention; and (c) assess gender differences in regard to these antecedents and consequences, and (d) develop and test a comprehensive model of POS, applicable to intercollegiate athletic administrators. Two athletic administrators (one female and one male) at each of the 327 NCAA Division I institutions (N = 654) were asked to respond to the Athletic Administrator Questionnaire. A total of 222 athletic administrators completed and returned the questionnaire for a response rate of 34%. Results showed that combined, the antecedents (participation in decision making, supervisor support, growth opportunity, and procedural, distributive, and interactional justice) accounted for 78% of the variance in POS. However, growth opportunity was not a significant predictor of POS. In addition, athletic administrators’ POS was positively related to both affective commitment and job satisfaction. Further examination showed that affective commitment and job satisfaction had a significant, negative relationship with turnover intention for athletic administrators. Both collectively explained 35% of the variance in turnover intention. Affective commitment was a better predictor of turnover intention than job satisfaction. Finally, POS did not have a direct relationship with turnover intention for athletic administrators; rather, it was partially mediated by affective commitment and job satisfaction. Female respondents’ perceptions of all variables in this study were nearly identical to male athletic administrators and were relatively high considering the lack of female representation at the top levels of intercollegiate athletic administration. In summary, this study suggests that the traditional concepts of social exchange theory and the norm of reciprocity have been shown to hold credence within an intercollegiate athletics context.
Advisors/Committee Members: Turner, Brian A.
Subjects: Education, Physical
Keywords: Perceived Organizational Support; Sport Management; Athletic Administrators; NCAA Division I
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23.
PADDOCK, JEAN.
DEVELOPING STRATEGIES FOR USE IN THE PERTECHNETATE SPECTROELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORS: STUDIES OF PVTAC-PVA AND METAL(vbpy) 3 +2 FILMS.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : Chemistry, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► In years past, the Chemical Sensors research group at the University of…
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▼ In years past, the Chemical Sensors research group at the University of Cincinnati (U.C.) has been working on the problem of developing a spectroelectrochemical sensor for radioactive technetium-99 ( 99 Tc) in the form of pertechnetate (TcO 4 - ). This project has been of great interest to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) based on applicability to its Hanford site (Pacific Northwest National Labs; Richland, WA). Serving partly as a high-level nuclear waste storage facility, Hanford has seen leakage from aging waste storage tanks and now deals with leakage plumes containing 99 Tc which lie adjacent to the Columbia River and associated water supply. Concern arises from the long half-life of 99 Tc (2.15 x 10 5 years) and its fast migration though soil as TcO 4 - . The DOE is interested in streamlining its soil and water quality laboratory-based tests (slow and expensive) and in particular would like to see a remote, portable sensor able to detect 99 Tc levels in situ or with point-of-interest continuous monitoring. Currently, such a sensor does not exist. Presented herein are several steps continuing the U.C. Chemical Sensors Group research towards a TcO 4 - chemical sensor. The sensor concept combines spectroscopy and electrochemistry to achieve selectivity (detecting TcO 4 - only) and sensitivity (detecting low levels of occurrence) in one device. One of its major components is a chemically selective film which serves both as an initial level of TcO 4 - charge- or ligand-based interaction and as its preconcentration device. This dissertation presents further study on two films meant for use in the spectroelectrochemical sensor: poly(vinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride) blended with a poly(vinylalcohol) host (PVTAC-PVA) and the ligand based film combining a metal with 4-vinyl-4´-methyl-2,2´-bipyridine (Metal(vbpy) 3 +2 ). The PVTAC-PVA film has been previously developed and presented herein are further, more specific studies of details affecting its performance in the sensor. The metal-ligand film is part of a promising direction involving ligand incorporation into a chemically selective film, thereby increasing TcO 4 - specificity and improving its spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. Additionally included are studies of new film substrates and the incorporation of sensor concepts into instructional laboratories for use in academics.
Advisors/Committee Members: Seliskar, Dr. Carl.
Subjects: Chemistry, Analytical
Keywords: Spectroelectrochemistry; Thin Films; Chemical Sensor
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24.
Paddock, Troy N.
Genetic manipulation of NADPH: Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase content in Arabidopsis reveals essential roles in prolamellar body formation and plant development.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Plant Biology, 2008, Ohio State University
► Chlorophyll synthesis in angiosperms requires light because, in contrast to other…
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▼ Chlorophyll synthesis in angiosperms requires light because, in contrast to other photosynthetic organisms, they rely exclusively on a light-dependent mechanism to reduce protochlorophyllide during chlorophyll biosynthesis. NADPH:protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR) catalyses a light-dependent reduction of protochlorophyllide to chlorophyllide, which is subsequently transformed to chlorophyll. In etioplasts during skotomorphogenesis, POR forms a photolabile aggregate of NADPH-POR-Pchlide localized to the prolamellar bodies. In Arabidopsis there is a three-member gene family encoding structurally related but differentially regulated POR enzymes denoted PORA, PORB and PORC. PORA and PORB accumulate during skotomorphogenesis. PORB and PORC accumulate during seedling development and throughout the life of the plant, during which they are responsible for bulk chlorophyll synthesis. Here I describe the detailed molecular-genetic dissection of the functions of the different POR isoforms. While single porB-1 or porC-1 null mutants display no distinct light-grown phenotypes, the porB-1 porC-1 double mutant displays a severe xantha (highly chlorophyll-deficient) phenotype. In response to illumination, chlorophyll production, thylakoid stacking and photomorphogenesis are restored in the PORA-overexpressing porB-1 porC-1 transgenic lines. Therefore, the porB-1 porC-1 double mutant is functionally rescued by ectopically expressed PORA, which suffices in the absence of either PORB or PORC to direct bulk chlorophyll synthesis and normal plant development. Using reverse genetic approaches, our lab identified a porA-1 null mutant which I have characterized here; additionally I have characterized PORA RNAi knockdown lines. The porA-1 and PORA RNAi lines display photoautotrophic growth blocks which are partially rescued on sucrose-supplemented media. porA-1 mutant seedlings display defects in etioplast development with reductions in prolamellar body accumulation and photoactive Pchlide conversion. Further analysis of the porB-1 porC-1 double null mutant reveals independent PORA catalytic activity in the cauline leaves of low-light grown plants. The porA-1 porB-1 and porA-1 porC-1 double mutants were used investigate the contributions of each POR individual isoform to Chl biosynthesis and growth in green plants. The porA-1 porB-1 and porA-1 porC-1 mutants have photoautotrophic growth defects which resemble that of the porA-1 single mutant. In addition, etioplast development in the porA-1 porB-1 double mutant is defective, with no detected prolamellar body formation or photoactive protochlorophyllide conversion.
Advisors/Committee Members: Armstrong, Greg.
Subjects: Biology; Cellular biology; Molecular biology
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25.
PADGETT, AUSTIN D.
ELGAR IN CINCINNATI: MYSTICISM, BRITISHNESS, AND MODERNITY.
Degree: MM, College-Conservatory of Music : Music History, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Edward Elgar visited Cincinnati to conduct the 1906 May Festival, which was…
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▼ Edward Elgar visited Cincinnati to conduct the 1906 May Festival, which was a critical event for the future of the organization. Theodore Thomas, the festival’s founding director, had recently died. Also, the May Festival Chorus had been newly reformed, and the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra would appear in the Festival for the first time. The May Festival Board contracted Elgar to guarantee a large audience, but his commitment to his publisher and his grief over his father’s recent death hindered his public exposure. If Elgar’s presence was going to be a promotional device for the Festival, the newspaper critics would have to create a sense of importance to surround the composer’s presence. This thesis explores the criticism and reception of Elgar in Cincinnati, examining the themes of mysticism, Britishness, and modernity about the composer and his music and demonstrating their place in the context of Cincinnati’s musical history and Elgar’s biography.
Advisors/Committee Members: McClung, Dr. Bruce D.
Subjects: Music
Keywords: Cincinnati; May Festival; Elgar; Britishness; Dream of Gerontius
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26.
Padgett, Barbara Nicole.
Investigation into the stress corrosion cracking properties of AA2099, an Al-Li-Cu alloy.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Materials Science and Engineering, 2008, Ohio State University
► Recently developed Al-Li-Cu alloys show great potential for implementation in the aerospace…
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▼ Recently developed Al-Li-Cu alloys show great potential for implementation in the aerospace industry because of the attractive mix of good mechanical properties and low density. AA2099 is an Al-Li-Cu alloy with the following composition Al-2.69wt%Cu-1.8wt%Li-0.6wt%Zn-0.3wt%Mg-0.3wt%Mn-0.08wt%Zr. The environmental assisted cracking and localized corrosion behavior of the AA2099 was investigated in this thesis. The consequences of uncontrolled grain boundary precipitation via friction stir welding on the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behavior of AA2099 were investigated first. Using constant extension rate testing, intergranular corrosion immersion experiments, and potentiodynamic scans, the heat-affected zone on the trailing edge of the weld (HTS) was determined to be most susceptible of the weld zones. The observed SCC behavior for the HTS was linked to the dissolution of an active phase (Al2CuLi, T1) populating the grain boundary. It should be stated that the SCC properties of AA2099 in the as-received condition were determined to be good. Focus was then given to the electrochemical behavior of precipitate phases that may occupy grain and sub-grain boundaries in AA2099. The grain boundary microchemistry and micro-electrochemistry have been alluded to within the literature as having significant influence on the SCC behavior of Al-Li-Cu alloys. Major precipitates found in this alloy system are T1 (Al2CuLi), T2 (Al7.5Cu4Li), TB (Al6CuLi3), and θ (Al2Cu). These phases were produced in bulk form so that the electrochemical nature of each phase could be characterized. It was determined T1 was most active electrochemically and θ was least. When present on grain boundaries in the alloy, electrochemical behavior of the individual precipitates aligned with the observed corrosion behavior of the alloy (e.g. TB was accompanied by general pitting corrosion and T1 was accompanied by intergranular corrosion attack). In addition to the electrochemical behavior of the above-mentioned intermetallics, the phenomenon of Zn substituting for Cu in T1 was also studied. It was determined that for Zn substitutions up to 8.4wt%, improved corrosion behavior of T1 would occur by dealloying of Zn and Li. Lastly, isothermal aging treatments at 160°C and 190°C were conducted to vary the grain boundary structures in a systematic way. The SCC behaviors for the under-aged, peak-aged, and over-aged condition were studied using CERT and alternate immersion testing at each temperature. The severely under-aged condition (≤ 9 hours) at 160°C proved to have poorest SCC resistance. The over-aged condition at 160°C (≥ 24 hours) also had degraded SCC resistance. In contrast the 190°C isothermal aging condition produced better SCC resistance than 160°C isothermal aging temperature for all conditions. The differences in behavior were linked to the species populating the grain boundaries in each isothermal aging condition (T2 at 190°C and T1 at 160°C).
Advisors/Committee Members: Buchheit, Rudy.
Subjects: Materials science
Keywords: aluminum-lithium-copper alloys, stress corrosion cracking, friction stir welding, anodic dissolution, 2099
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27.
Padilla, Roberto Ramon II.
Science, Nurses, Physicians and Disease: The Role of Medicine in the Construction of a Modern Japanese Identity.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, History, 2009, Ohio State University
► This is a history of the emergence of a modern Japanese identity…
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▼ This is a history of the emergence of a modern Japanese identity in the latter half of the nineteenth century as seen through the lens of scientific medicine. This study makes the argument that Japanese physicians’ construction of a modern identity was a two-fold process that identified Japan in line with Western imperialism and Western fields of knowledge, while conceptually distancing the island nation from nearby Asian neighbors. This perspective, which reflected the growing understanding among Japanese of their country’s emerging place in the world in the Meiji era (1868-1912), occurred within the context of the broad social, political, economic and military reforms that defined this period. Western medicine based on the rational proofs and perceived universality of scientific inquiry, positioned Japanese physicians as agents of modernity. I examine the way scientific medicine informed Japanese modernity in two ways: I begin by looking at how the Japanese Red Cross Society nurse came to be perceived as a national heroine, then I explain the Japanese Army Medical Bureau’s struggle to prevent beriberi, a nutritional deficiency illness in its ranks. These case studies offer a window into the interplay between modern medicine and traditional social values and underscore the reality that a field of knowledge is not adopted, but rather adapted and negotiated. In this case identity formation in Japan was not merely the result of scientific medicine transforming Japan, but was also influenced by Japanese society’s impact on scientific medicine. For Japanese physicians it was not enough to assert a modern identity they were also compelled to draw clear distinctions between a modern Japan and what they perceived to be a “backward” Asia. They did this by using disease categories related to cholera and other contagious illnesses to define the Asian continent as a particularly dangerous epidemiological space. In addition, Japanese practitioners of scientific medicine examined, studied and reported on Chinese and Korean food items, sanitation habits, medical practices and body types to demonstrate what they understood to be social, cultural and physical differences between Japanese and other Asians. This study is supported by the qualitative analysis of an array of primary source materials related to nineteenth century medicine in Japan. These include writings in medical journals, Army Medical Bureau reports, Japanese Red Cross Society reports and the Home Ministry’s Central Sanitary Bureau reports, as well as the writings of influential physicians like Ishiguro Tadanori, the founder of the Japanese army’s system of military medicine in the period, and Mori Rintarō, Ishiguro’s protégé who rose to the rank of Surgeon-General of the Japanese army.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bartholomew, James.
Subjects: History
Keywords: History, Japan, Medicine, Disease, Identity, Nurse, Red Cross, Orientalism, Cholera, Beriberi
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30.
Pados, Gloria Elsa.
A comparison of the effects of students' own notes and guided notes on the daily quiz performance of fifth-grade students.
Degree: Master of Arts, Educational Services and Research, 1989, Ohio State University
► The effects of two notetaklng strategies, guided notes and students' own notes,…
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▼ The effects of two notetaklng strategies, guided notes and students' own notes, on the daily quiz performance and notetaking accuracy of fifth-grade social studies students were compared. The students in the class included Specific Learning Disabled, Gifted and Talented, and Regular Education fifth-graders. As the teacher lectured, students took their own notes during baseline (students' own notes) phases or completed a set of guided notes during intervention (guided notes) phases. Performance was evaluated using daily 10-point quizzes. Notetaking accuracy was measured by counting the number of lecture concepts included in students' notes (own notes or guided notes). Results of the reversal design showed that daily quiz performance for all students, especially the SLD students, improved during the Guided Notes phases. Furthermore, students' notetaking accuracy significantly improved during Guided Notes phases.
Advisors/Committee Members: Haward, William L.
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