2438 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [82]
1.
Saatcioglu, Argun.
Latent Conflict in Urban Public Education: Silent Domination and the Institutionalization of Discriminatory Organizational Forms.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Organizational Behavior, 2007, Case Western Reserve University
► Why is there no controversy concerning inequality in urban education? Segregation and…
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▼ Why is there no controversy concerning inequality in urban education? Segregation and entrenched non-school problems (poverty, neighborhood deterioration, and family dissolution) in urban districts are key drivers of inequality in a society that views public education as the “great equalizer.” The problem is the failure of the predominantly white affluent to sacrifice their privileges, which has subverted the interests of poor black children, resulting in latent conflict. Urban school desegregation was aimed at equalizing education by replacing the “neighborhood school” with the “integrated school.” It failed because it was banned from expanding into the suburbs and was undermined by worsening non-school problems. However, desegregation must be evaluated in terms of the effectiveness of the schools to counteract non-school problems. To this end, a model and several hypotheses, drawing upon the sociology of education and the neo-ecological approach to poverty, are proposed. School desegregation also offers a chance to extend organizational neo-institutionalism. This theory emphasizes manifest conflict in the examination of the politics of organizational legitimacy. However, the prevailing legitimacy of the “neighborhood school” indicates latent conflict. It is hypothesized that neighborhood schools were re-institutionalized in the 1990s due to restricted opportunity for manifest conflict and were legitimated through a discourse cloaking the nature of inequality. Hypotheses were tested on data from the Cleveland Municipal School District (CMSD), which implemented desegregation between 1979 and 1993, re-segregating between 1994 and 1998. Yearly records for 305,706 students were available. Also, 1,557 articles on schools from the Cleveland Plain Dealer (CPD) between 1993 and 1998 were collected to examine the discourse. CMSD archives were used for econometric analysis. CPD content was used for frame analysis. As hypothesized, desegregation made the schools more effective in counteracting the non-school problems of blacks, while whites were largely unharmed. The policy failed only when non-school deprivation reached extreme levels in the late 1980s. However, instead of expanding desegregation into the suburbs and addressing non-school problems, CMSD was allowed to re-segregate. The discourse in the 1990s justified inequality by emphasizing individual initiative in educational success, along with several inconsequential reforms. Eventually, segregated neighborhood schools became a taken-for-granted organizational form.
Advisors/Committee Members: Neilsen, Eric H.
Keywords: Urban education, school desegregation, power, organizational institutionalism
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2.
Sabag-Daigle, Anice.
Nitrogen Metabolism of the Haloarchaeon Haloferax volcanii.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Microbiology, 2009, Ohio State University
► Cells in all domains of life have developed complex regulatory schemes to…
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▼ Cells in all domains of life have developed complex regulatory schemes to ensure nitrogen homeostasis. The mechanisms associated with nitrogen homeostasis have been examined in a wide variety of organisms and the molecular aspects of these regulatory systems present a view of an essential global regulatory program for each organism. Recognizing that a similar complex regulatory scheme was most likely present in the Archaea, we chose to investigate the response of Haloferax volcanii to variations in the amount and the quality of its nitrogen source as a model of global regulation in the Archaea. Analysis of the recently sequenced H. volcanii genome showed that this organism encodes enzymes for the core ammonia assimilation pathways found in all organisms and several enzymes for the assimilation of nitrogen from alternative substrates. Phyletic distribution studies and phylogenetic analyses indicate that many of these alternative nitrogen assimilation pathways are absent in other Archaea and that they many have been acquired by the haloarchaea through horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from bacterial genomes. To investigate the global transcriptome response of H. volcanii to changes in nitrogen availability, a genome-wide tiled array was constructed and used to characterize the RNA populations of cells undergoing balanced growth, during growth with a poor nitrogen source and under conditions of nitrogen starvation. Changes in the RNA populations indicated that genes encoding core nitrogen assimilation pathways showed differential expression. However, the regulatory proteins common to the bacterial systems, and those described for Archaea, were absent in H. volcanii. An analysis of the RNAs identified a specific regulatory protein of the AsnC family in the negative regulation of the glnA gene and showed that the general transcription factor (GTF) genes, tbp and tfb, also exhibited differential expression. These data also uncovered the regulated expression of numerous genes encoding uncharacterized proteins. A notable example was a gene encoding a serine/threonine protein kinase, prkA, which is present only in the haloarchaea. This gene exhibited high levels of RNA during nitrogen starvation, and other conditions of nutrient limitation, suggesting that this novel enzyme plays an important role in the physiological response to starvation in the haloarchaea. Expression of the histidine utilization genes, hutUGIH, was examined in vivo as a model for the regulation of nitrogen assimilation genes that were acquired by HGT. In vivo studies established that the positive transcription regulator, HutR, regulated the hut operon genes when histidine or urocanate was provided to cells. The HutR protein is a member of the bacterio-opsin activator (BOA) family of regulators and this class of regulator has not previously been associated with nitrogen regulation in any other organism. The results of this study provide a detailed view of the response of the haloarchaeon H. volcanii to nitrogen limitation and they have uncovered associations to genes of uncharacterized functions. These results have also established the specific regulatory mode of the hut genes, which have been acquired by HGT and are functionally assimilated into the metabolism of this haloarchaeon.
Advisors/Committee Members: Daniels, Dr. Charles.
Subjects: Microbiology
Keywords: Archaea, halophiles, nitrogen metabolism, microarray, horizontal gene transfer, histidine metabolism
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3.
Sabala, Ryan J.
Satellite Attitude Determination Using Laser Communication Systems.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Electrical Engineering (Engineering and Technology), 2008, Ohio University
► Satellite laser communication systems provide measurements that can be further processed to…
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▼ Satellite laser communication systems provide measurements that can be further processed to provide relative attitude estimates of each satellite in the constellation. This suggests a dual-use potential yielding benefits such as the use of lower-cost inertial measurement units, achieving improved fault-tolerance, and facilitating the implementation of orbital control systems. This thesis presents a static attitude determination scheme that provides relative attitude estimates using azimuth and elevation angles provided by the laser communication system. These measurements are corrupted by noise and error sources, several of which are characterized herein, and so this thesis also presents a sensitivity analysis intended to characterize the impact that these errors have on the attitude solution. This analysis reveals a high degree of sensitivity which indicates that a dynamic attitude estimation scheme may be required that incorporates the static estimation scheme in a nonlinear filtering architecture.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lawrence, Douglas A.
Subjects: Electrical engineering
Keywords: Satellite Attitude Determination; Laser Communication System; Satellite Laser Communication; Sensitivity Analysis; Static Estimation; Error Sources
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4.
SABANAYAGAM, SENTHIL.
EURALILLE PROJECT: ISSUES OF PLACE, FORM AND SPACE IN THE CONTEXT OF GLOBALIZATION.
Degree: MS ARCH, Design, Architecture, Art, and Planning : Architecture, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► Issues of identity, context and place are central to the discussions on…
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▼ Issues of identity, context and place are central to the discussions on urbanism and urban design projects. In its role as the physical reflection of contemporary culture, the city form is closely linked to these issues. Consequently the approach to these issues forms the core area of theory, criticism and practice of urban design. The recent growth of globalization as a cultural, economic and social phenomenon has significantly affected these issues and triggered a revaluation of their role and significance in the design of cities. This study is an analysis of changing perspectives on issues of place and context in relation to the newly emerging global condition with reference to the design of cities. It is an attempt to understand the recent trends in the architectural expression of forms and spaces that can be linked to the influences of globalization. The particular case of the design for the new city center for Lille, a city in northern France is taken as the primary case study subject for its active relationship with the issues of place and context and the close ties of its programming with events of globalization. Analysis of this project is divided topically into the study of its way of contending with the issue of place, form and space. The framework for studying the project is derived from the writings by Marc Auge on non-places, Edward Relph's 'Place and Placelessness' and Hans Ibelings ideas on the architecture for globalization. The study also considers the ideas of Rem Koolhaas, the master architect for the Euralille project and certain recent architectural works that seem to have similarities in their radical approach to place and treatment of form and space. The overall aim of the thesis is to develop an understanding of contemporary issues in architecture and urbanism that are under the influence of the forces of globalization.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hancock, John.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: urban design; globalization; place; architecture; euralille
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5.
Sabbaghan, Masoud.
Non-coalescent minimal distal flows.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics, 1993, Case Western Reserve University
► In 1970, W. Parry and P. Walters constructed an example of a…
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▼ In 1970, W. Parry and P. Walters constructed an example of a non-coalescent minimal distal flow, that is, a minimal distal flow with an endomorphism which is not an automorphism (7). In this dissertation we give a general construction of such examples in a systematic way.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wu, Ta-Sun.
Subjects: Mathematics
Keywords: Non-coalescent minimal distal flows
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6.
Saberi, Iftekhar Ali.
Merge: As it relates to computer integrated manufacturing environment.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Engineering), 2001, Ohio University
Merge: As it relates to computer integrated manufacturing environment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Judd, Robert P.
Subjects: Engineering, Industrial
Keywords: merge; computer integrated manufacturing; environment
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7.
Sabiers, Michael P.
Generating Critical Organizational States: Bridges between sociotechnical design features and high performance.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Organizational Behavior, 1992, Case Western Reserve University
► This study conceptualizes the organizational change process as consisting of two stages.…
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▼ This study conceptualizes the organizational change process as consisting of two stages. The first stage is the introduction of changes in organizational structure, technology or human relationships (action levers) that Sociotechnical Systems principles predict should result in desirable organizational outcomes. In sufficient number these action levers foster a broad realignment of underlying assumptions and inter-locking behavioral response sets within the organization. This study identifies groups of these response sets as "Critical Organizational States" that can be measured using a questionnaire developed for the purpose. These Critical Organizational States are theorized to interact synergistically and in their turn lead to increased organizational effectiveness and efficiency, decreased turnover and absenteeism, and increased employee commitment and satisfaction. An analysis of survey results from 10 manufacturing plants lends some support for the two-stage conceptualization of organizational change. The usefulness of the concept of Critical Organizational States in evaluating change efforts is also supported. Data imply that desired organizational outcomes may be reduced or eliminated when firms are unwilling or unable to remove enough hierar chical control mechanisms to allow shop floor subsystems to become self-correcting. Because of limitations in the data, an evaluation of relationships between Critical Organizational States and organizational effectiveness was not possible.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pasmore, William A.
Keywords: sociotechnical performance
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8.
Sabin, Gerald M.
Unfairness in parallel job scheduling.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Computer and Information Science, 2006, Ohio State University
► Job scheduling has been an active area of research for many years.…
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▼ Job scheduling has been an active area of research for many years. Most modern schedulers implement a form of space shared scheduling known as backfilling. Backfilling is a technique used to allow jobs to start out of order, which results in higher utilization and lower average turnaround times. An area that has not been addressed is the impact of these backfilling schemes on the fairness of jobs and users. It is of interest to quantify and study the impact of backfilling on various fairness metrics. Sociology, computer networking and operations research provide evidence of the importance of fairness in queuing disciplines. Currently, there is no accepted model for characterizing fairness in parallel job scheduling. We introduce two types of fairness metrics intended for parallel job schedulers, both of which are based on models from sociology, networking, and/or operations research. The first metric type is motivated by social justice, where serving using in arrival order is considered fair. Therefore, the metric attempts to measure the deviation from arrival order. The second metric type is based on resource equality and compares the resources consumed by a job with the resources deserved by the job. These metrics are orthogonal to traditional metrics, such as turnaround time and utilization. To this end, we develop and introduce fairness metrics which are as independent as possible from current metrics such as utilization and turnaround time. The intent of the fairness metrics is to evaluate how fairly jobs or users are treated, in contrast to the quality of the generated schedule. Further, we plan to use these metrics to study the unfairness of backfilling strategies that have been proposed (and possibly implemented) by past job scheduling research and (where feasible) suggest changes to these strategies to improve fairness. The metrics are used to investigate a new moldable scheduler. An iterative moldable scheduler is introduced and compared to other moldable scheduling algorithms. The metrics are also used to evaluate the Ross/CPlant supercomputer from Sandia National Laboratory. The metrics provide insight to scheduling policy that would provide acceptable fairness to the community.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sadayappan, P.
Subjects: Computer Science
Keywords: Parallel Job Scheduling, Backfilling, User Estimation, Moldability, Fairness
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9.
Sableski, Mary Catherine.
The development of literate identities in students identified as struggling readers.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Teaching and Learning, 2007, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of the interactions between teachers and students within a summer one-to-one tutoring situation on the identity development of students identified as struggling readers. The summer one-to-one tutoring program was part of a master’s level course on assessment and evaluation of reading difficulties at a Midwestern university. A qualitative multi-case study approach was used to collect and analyze data. Data were collected over a 6-month period and included observations of tutoring sessions, interviews of both teachers and students, work samples from teachers and students, transcripts of both in-class and on-line university class discussions, and observations and interviews of the students and their new teachers in the fall. Data analysis included thematic coding and microanalysis and revealed two types of interactions between the teachers and the students: those at the point of difficulty and the asking of questions by the teacher. At the point of difficulty, the teachers interacted with the students to scaffold instruction and to teach the use of reading strategies. Teachers asked questions using various forms, and the forms used reflected the teaching style that they relied upon. The teachers’ perspectives on the assessment, evaluation, and instruction of struggling readers played a role in the types of interactions that occurred. Students responded to the teachers using resistance and coping behaviors. Resistance occurred when the interactions did not match students’ existing literate identities, and coping behaviors occurred when the students reached points of difficulty that challenged their literate identities. When students’ coping behaviors were acknowledged by the teachers, students were able to use them to maintain existing literate identities, while resistance was not a successful means of inserting previous literate identities into the interactions. These findings demonstrate that students bring literate identities to academic interactions from previous contexts, and the extent to which these identities are honored by their teachers has implications for the development of their literate identities. Struggling readers who find their literate identities reflected within academic interactions are better able to resolve their previous literate identities with the ones presented to them by their teachers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Scharer, Patricia L.
Keywords: struggling readers; identity; tutoring; in-service teacher education; reading
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10.
SABNEKAR, SHIVESH.
DYNAMIC MODELS FOR COMPLEX SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES USING VHDL-AMS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Computer Science and Engineering, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► With intensive research being conducted in the field of VHDL-AMS modeling, the…
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▼ With intensive research being conducted in the field of VHDL-AMS modeling, the need for a library of simple primitive semiconductor devices has been recognized. These devices can then be used to develop complex devices of higher abstraction level. VHDL-AMS with its unique features such as representation of ordinary differential-algebraic equations, discontinuity identification and processing, simultaneous representation of continuous-time and discrete-time descriptions presents itself as a powerful language to model analog and mixed signal systems. Previous works on assessing the capabilities of VHDL-AMS to model primitive device models such as diodes and static transistor models yielded cogent results. Hence, to further assess the capabilities of VHDL-AMS, devices that exhibit dynamic characteristics have to be modeled. The intent of the research described in this thesis is to assess the ability of VHDL-AMS to model dynamic behavior of complex semiconductor devices. The models thus developed were validated using SPICE.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carter, Dr. Harold W.
Subjects: Computer Science
Keywords: MODELING; VHDL-AMS; TRANSISTORS; DYNAMIC; SIMULATION
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11.
SABNIS, SUDEEP SUHAS.
AN APPROACH TO FACILITATING VERIFICATION OF LINEAR CONSTRAINTS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Computer Science, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► The notion of dependent types has been around for more than three…
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▼ The notion of dependent types has been around for more than three decades, but a major complication resulting from introducing such a type discipline is that pure type inference for the enriched system is no longer possible. However, in the late nineties, a restricted form of dependent types was introduced in practical programming to capture more program properties through types and thereby detect more program errors at compile-time than effected by the strong type discipline in Standard ML or Java. Xanadu, a dependently typed imperative programming language, was the result of enriching the type system of imperative programming paradigm with a restricted form of dependent types. For the effective compilation of Xanadu program, it is crucial to successfully solve the linear constraints generated during its type-checking. This study is focussed on solving and verifying the linear integer constraints generated during the type-checking of Xanadu program. We present a two-tier constraint solver, based on the well-known linear programming algorithm, the Simplex method. The first tier uses the two-phase Simplex method to find a rational solution for a given set of constraints. If no rational solution exists, then no integer solution could be found. However, if a rational solution exists, the second tier uses branch and bound method, an integer programming algorithm, to seek an integer solution. As a significant application, we also study the use of our solver in eliminating the need for array bounds checking at runtime. The solver also generates a data structure, which we designate as history matrix, that records the operations of the Simplex algorithm. We claim that verifying the constraints using this data structure is faster than verifying them through the solver. Several constraints, gathered from the type-checking of Xanadu programs are solved and verified using the history matrix. The results presented, validate our claim. Moreover, we regard this matrix as a representation of a proof, which along with the compiled code would form an effort aimed towards producing a certifying code or a proof carrying code for Xanadu.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tomko, Dr. Karen.
Subjects: Computer Science
Keywords: simplex algorithm; verification; linear constraints; Xanadu; dependent types
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12.
Sabo, Carl William.
The impact of state-federal agency structure on service delivery and outcomes for individuals with visual impairments.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Physical Activity and Educational Services, 2005, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study was to examine service delivery and outcomes…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to examine service delivery and outcomes for individuals with visual impairments. The study sought to examine whether differences existed in service delivery and outcomes based on agency structure within the state-federal vocational rehabilitation system. Within the state-federal vocational rehabilitation system there are two major agency structures that serve as service delivery vehicles for persons with visual impairments. There is a combined agency structure, providing vocational rehabilitation services to individuals of all disability types, including those with visual impairments. The other major service delivery system is the separate/blind agency structure. This system provides vocational rehabilitation services to individuals who have visual impairments. This ex-post facto study utilized national data from the state-federal vocational rehabilitation system in federal fiscal year 2002. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was selected for evaluating the relationship between agency type and variables such as weekly earnings, hours worked, number of types of services, case expenditures, and number of services. Furthermore, chi-square analysis was utilized to study any statistical differences in the type of services that individuals with visual impairments received from the agency structures providing vocational rehabilitation services to that population. The MANOVA and chi-square results of the study showed that statistical differences existed between the agency structures in vocational rehabilitation outcomes and service delivery for individuals with visual impairments. MANOVA analysis found that consumers of combined agencies had higher means on all variables studied. Of note was that consumers of combined agencies had higher weekly earnings, $365.54 vs. $354.73, and more hours worked per week, 34.09 vs. 31.93. Ths chi-square analysis found statistical significance in virtually every type of service category with consumers of combined agencies receiving disproportionately more type of services than individuals with visual impairments working with separate agencies. There is a dearth of empirical data in this area. This study's aim is to add meaningful information to the body of research on this topic.
Advisors/Committee Members: Klein, Michael.
Subjects: Education, Guidance and Counseling
Keywords: state-federal vocational rehabilitation; state-federal agency structure; visual impairments; disability agencies; vocational rehabilitation; blind vocational rehabilitation; state vocational rehabilitation; rehabilitation services; vocational rehabilitati
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13.
Sabo, Stephen Henry.
Evaluation of Capacitively-Coupled Electrical Resistivity for Locating Solution Cavities Overlain by Clay-rich Soils.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Geology, 2008, Bowling Green State University
► The introduction of capacitively-coupled resistivity instruments has greatly decreased the amount of…
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▼ The introduction of capacitively-coupled resistivity instruments has greatly decreased the amount of time required for the collection of high quality resistivity data. To date, most studies using this equipment have been done in areas with resistive overburden, which enhances the depth of penetration. Much less is known about the performance of this equipment in areas with conductive overburden. The purpose of this study is to test the capacitively-coupled resistivity method for the detection of cavities in areas overlain by clay-rich soils. Two sites were investigated: Crystal Rock Cave in Erie County, Ohio consists of a sandy clay soil overlying a known cave system; and Dunbridge in Wood County, Ohio, which has a dense clay till overlying a single solution cavity that most likely is a product of oilfield activity. Data were collected with a Geometrics OhmMapper capacitively-coupled resistivity system along traverses at each site and processed using the Geometrics MagMapTM2000 software. Res2Dinv software was then used to invert the field data and produce resistivity cross sections along the traverses. Resistivity traverses at the Crystal Rock Cave site were completed with transmitter-receiver separation distances of up to 40 m, which correspond to depths of approximately 12 m. When inverted, the data showed a number of suspected sinkholes and cavities, some of which correspond to known cave locations. Traverses at the Dunbridge site were completed with transmitter-receiver separation distances of only 15 m, which limited the depth of penetration to approximately 4 m. Although the survey yielded apparent resistivity values consistent with clay-rich soils, it failed to unequivocally locate the solution cavity. This study has shown that while capacitively-coupled resistivity systems have the potential to perform well in light clay soils or resistive overburden, this method would not be the preferred method of data collection in areas with thick, clay-rich overburden. Although this method was effective in finding buried cavities at the Crystal Rock Cave Site, it failed to provide an unambiguous interpretation of the subsurface at the Dunbridge location.
Advisors/Committee Members: Onasch, Charles.
Subjects: Geology; Geophysics
Keywords: Electrical Resistivity; Capacitively-Coupled Resistivity; Ohmmapper
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14.
Sabree, Benjamin David.
A Pedagogical Investigation of the Development of General Relativity Using Differential Forms.
Degree: Master of Sciences, Mathematics, 2008, Case Western Reserve University
► General relativity is widely applicable to many areas of current physics research.…
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▼ General relativity is widely applicable to many areas of current physics research. Some `math first' treatments of the subject employ differential forms while others do not. This paper advocates those approaches that utilize differential forms by first outlining some of the general mathematical advantages of forms and then by comparing developments of selected topics from the different treatments.
Advisors/Committee Members: Singer, David.
Subjects: Mathematics; Physics
Keywords: general relativity; pedagogy; differential forms
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15.
Sacco, Donald F. Jr.
Experiencing Power or Powerlessness And Memory for Own and Other Race Faces.
Degree: Master of Arts, Psychology, 2007, Miami University
► Research exploring the Cross Race Effect (CRE) indicates that individuals show better…
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▼ Research exploring the Cross Race Effect (CRE) indicates that individuals show better recognition accuracy for same-race faces compared to cross-race faces (Malpass, 1981), an effect thought to be due to a reduction in motivation to individuate cross-race faces (Hugenberg, Miller, and Claypool, 2007). Furthermore, research indicates that power reduces the motivation to individuate others while powerlessness increases the motivation to individuate others (Stevens and Fiske, 2000). Combining these research domains, the current study primed participants with either high or low power and had them complete a traditional CRE recognition task. The results indicated that compared to control participants, individuals primed with low power showed a larger CRE effect. High power participants, however, did not differ from control participants. Furthermore, the effect power on the CRE was not related to participants’ information processing style, which did not vary by power condition.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hugenberg, Kurt.
Subjects: Psychology, Social
Keywords: Memory; Social Cognition; Social Categorization; Motivation; Power
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16.
Sacco, John D.
Validation of a System to Analyze Jump Kinetics during Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation.
Degree: Master of Science, Mechanical Engineering, 2009, Ohio State University
► The Shuttle System leg exercise machine, instrumented with force-sensing kickplates and a…
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▼ The Shuttle System leg exercise machine, instrumented with force-sensing kickplates and a body position-sensing distance transducer, is a useful tool in measuring individual leg parameters in coordination with total body kinematics during jumping exercises. The Shuttle is more compact, more economical, creates lesser joint loads, and causes the subject to have longer contact times with kickplates than conventional jump analysis systems. 10 adult subjects were tested performing 4 different jumping exercises on both ground-based and Shuttle-based systems. Work performed in either system was roughly equivalent. Differences between launch and landing forces were not distinguishable in any ground-based test, but were distinguishable in several Shuttle-based tests. Minimal variation was observed between dominant and non-dominant leg performance in those with an observed bias. Peak forces correlated to impulses in some subjects but not in others, lending to the idea that this relationship may be critical in future studies to identify injury risk.
Advisors/Committee Members: Berme, Necip.
Subjects: Biomedical research; Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Rehabilitation; Sports medicine
Keywords: Shuttle System; biomechanics; jumping
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17.
Sachelarie, Vlad.
Improvements on the equity indexed annuity market.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Mathematics, 2002, Ohio State University
► Equity indexed annuities (EIA's) were introduced to the market in the early…
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▼ Equity indexed annuities (EIA's) were introduced to the market in the early 1995 and ever since then they have been producing a lot of interest and excitement in the option market. An EIA is an equity linked annuity whose return is based on the performance of an equity mutual fund or a stock index. These annuities have some really nice features such as: minimum guaranteed return, tax-deferral, and locking in of a credited interest rate, and also each EIA customer takes part in some way in the stock market. A typical example of an EIA is a point-to-point design. If SandP 500 has a realized 5-year return of 8% and the participation rate is set at 90%, then the actual interest rate credited to the policy will be 8%*90%=7.2% if this is bigger than the minimum guaranteed rate (usually around 3%). There are also some other classic designs like annual reset and continuous lookback that we discuss in Chapter 2. The problem the EIA market is facing today is the increased volatility of the market as well as an abrupt stop in the phenomenal growth of the stock market. Insurers aren't able to offer the same participation rates as they used to in the late 90's, and lower participation rates mean lower sale numbers. The need for some new designs or models of EIA's is clear and that's what this thesis will answer. We will show how to improve the classic EIA designs using a multibarrier approach and we will also introduce a few other new designs that perform much better then the classic ones in today's volatile market. These last designs are based on a path-dependence approach where we look at the value of the respective index throughout the period of the policy or just on an arbitrary period. So we introduced 5 new types of EIA's and derived closed form formulae for the price of these new designs. We also provide tables and plots of the classic designs versus the new design which show that the new ones are better than the old ones and also show how much better they are in terms of actual numbers for the participation rates for different prices.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wyman, Bostwick F.
Subjects: Mathematics
Keywords: equity indexed annuity
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18.
Sachidanandam, Sivanarulselvan.
WHY PHYSICIANS DO OR DO NOT USE COMPUTERIZED PHYSICIAN ORDER ENTRY SYSTEMS: APPLYING THE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL.
Degree: Doctor of Education (Ed.D.), Leadership Studies, 2006, Bowling Green State University
► This study addresses post-implementation usage behavior of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE)…
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▼ This study addresses post-implementation usage behavior of Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) system among physicians in an organization by applying the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Implementation of CPOE is considered a major organizational activity by chief information officers (Kini and Savage, 2004), and physician acceptance of CPOE ultimately decides the success of CPOE implementation (Davis, 1989). Hence, this study assumes much importance. A CPOE-TAM instrument was developed for this study and assessed with principal component analysis. Six hypotheses were developed and tested using hierarchical multiple regressions. Study results suggest that the ‘total causal effects’ of perceived usefulness of CPOE (PU) and perceived ease of use of CPOE (PEOU) on behavioral intention to use CPOE (BI) and CPOE adoption are striking, and PU is more important than PEOU in their relative influence on BI and CPOE adoption. Implications of the findings suggest that training sessions need to emphasize ‘usefulness’ of CPOE and any increase in ease of use features of CPOE would directly influence usefulness of CPOE, which in turn influence BI and CPOE adoption. Studying the adoption of CPOE within an organizational context among physicians by applying TAM contributes richly to research literature in these major domains. This CPOE-TAM study was well-validated, and a parsimonious CPOE-TAM instrument is now available to information system and human-computer interaction researchers and practitioners. This CPOE-TAM instrument could be split further into two instruments: one for prediction of future acceptance of CPOE, and the other for explanation of CPOE adoption.
Advisors/Committee Members: Pauken, Patrick D.
Keywords: Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE); Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); Implementation of CPOE; Organization; Physician acceptance; CPOE adoption; CPOE acceptance; Physician resistance; Medicine; Information systems; Human-computer interaction; CPOE
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19.
Sachidanandam, Vignesh.
Handling research data at the front end of the design process.
Degree: Master of Science, Mechanical Engineering, 2008, Ohio State University
► The front end of the design process is where maximum design flexibility…
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▼ The front end of the design process is where maximum design flexibility and least knowledge about the design problem exist. Decisions made up front have the maximum impact on the success or failure of products. In order to increase the chances of getting these decisions right, a good deal of research about the context of use of the product is typically required. The following chapters deal with the process of understanding the users, their needs, and the context of use of products, and creating requirements for systems and products based on all these factors. The complexity involved in the front end of the design process is highlighted by the means of two case studies from the academic and industrial settings. The benefit of utilizing qualitative and quantitative analysis tools to help overcome data overload problems in the front end of the design process is demonstrated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lilly, Blaine.
Subjects: Design; Mechanical engineering
Keywords: Design research, Design research analysis, Design structure matrix (DSM), Fuzzy front end, User experience requirements
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20.
Sachleben, Mark.
International Human Rights Treaties: Understanding Patterns of Participation and Non-Participation, 1948-2000.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Political Science, 2003, Miami University
► This dissertation examines patterns of participation in human rights treaties. International relations…
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▼ This dissertation examines patterns of participation in human rights treaties. International relations theory is divided on what motivates states to participate in treaties, specifically human rights treaties. Instead of examining the specific motivations, this dissertation examines patterns of participation. In doing so, it attempts to match theoretical expectations of state behavior with participation. The conclusion of this study is that, in fact, the data suggests there are multiple motivations that lead states to participate in human rights treaties. The dissertation is divided into five substantive chapters. After an introduction, the second chapter examines the literature on why states join treaties in general, and human rights treaties in particular. The third chapter reviews the obligations states commit to under the fifteen treaties under consideration. The fourth chapter uses basic quantitative methods to examine any differences in the participation rates between democratic and non-democratic states. The fifth chapter examines reservations, declarations, and objections made in conjuncture with the fifteen treaties. The chapter employs both quantitative and qualitative methods to determine if there are substantial differences between democratic and non-democratic states. Finally, the sixth chapter examines those states that participate in the most human rights treaties to determine if there are characteristics that help to identify these states. Additionally, the chapter examines and evaluates theoretical predictions about participation.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jackson, William.
Keywords: Treaties; Human Rights; International Law; United Nations; Democracy; International Relations
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21.
SACHS, DANIEL.
CLAUDE DEBUSSY AND EQUALIZING BALANCES: A DIFFERENT APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF CLAUDE DEBUSSY'S MUSIC WITH EXAMPLES FROM PRELUDES, BOOKS 1 AND 2.
Degree: DMA, College-Conservatory of Music : Piano, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► This dissertation provides a foundation for a different analytical approach to the…
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▼ This dissertation provides a foundation for a different analytical approach to the music of Claude Debussy. As the musical description of a state of being gains the primary importance over dramatic development, a new structural and developmental coherence emerges in his style. It can be found in the relationship between simultaneously occurring layers of musical elements. These relationships are such that one element establishes a parameter such as harmony, rhythm, and meter, the other contradicts that parameter simultaneously. The two elements do not stand in a conflicting contradiction, but in a fine-tuned balance that defines the musical content of the piece. This approach to analysis of Debussy’s music opens the door to understanding the undercurrent in his music and provides a framework, which unveils the particular in the context of the whole and vice versa. It connects all elements and gives insight into the relationship between the harmonic, the melodic and the formal structure. In that regard this approach can be considered an attempt to apply Schenkerian principles to Claude Debussy’s music. A wide variety of examples from the Preludes and an in-depth analysis of Brouillards and Voiles are included.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hoffman, Dr. Joel.
Subjects: Music
Keywords: Claude Debussy, polyphony, balance
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22.
Sackenheim, Adam Michael.
INTERNSHIP REPORT Butler County Department of Environmental Services.
Degree: Master of Environmental Science, Environmental Sciences, 2004, Miami University
► I interned with Butler County Department of Environmental Services (BCDES) from January…
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▼ I interned with Butler County Department of Environmental Services (BCDES) from January to July, 2003. BCDES is a publicly-owned utility that provides water, wastewater treatment, solid waste management, and recycling and litter prevention services to the eastern portions of Butler County, Ohio. The Department provides environmental services to over 100,000 residents in West Chester, Liberty, Fairfield, Hanover and Ross Townships. As an Environmental Intern, I had a variety of job duties. I worked in a laboratory as an assistant analyst. I served on the Department’s Regulatory Compliance Team. I developed and implemented Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plans and Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure plans for BCDES’ two regional water reclamation facilities. I updated the Department’s biosolids land application program. I worked on issues related to Woodsdale Landfill, including leachate collection and explosive gas monitoring. I also managed a wetland creation project, and assisted in the development of an Environmental Management System.
Advisors/Committee Members: Green, Jerry.
Subjects: Environmental Sciences
Keywords: Internship; Public Utility; Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan; Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure; Wetland Creation; Environmental Management System; Biosolids
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23.
SACKENHEIM, JEFFREY ALAN.
LEARNING FROM SUBURBIA: TRANSFORMING SUCCESSFUL ELEMENTS OF SUBURBIA TO SPUR URBAN REVITALIZATION IN CINCINNATI.
Degree: MARCH, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Architecture (Master of), 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Thriving downtowns are a thing of the past. Non-descript shopping districts in…
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▼ Thriving downtowns are a thing of the past. Non-descript shopping districts in mega-suburban developments have supplanted the role of the traditional city center in the American culture and landscape. Downtowns used to be the primary centers of business, commerce, and entertainment. We used to live, work, and play downtown. Now, we might only still work there. With the inevitable rise and appeal of suburbia, these functions have moved further and further from the city center, thereby resulting in a dwindling population and economic base. As a result, American cities are suffering. With the exception of a few cities – Portland, New York, and Chicago – cities like Baltimore, Milwaukee, Cleveland, and Cincinnati are experiencing significant population decline, yet rapid, often uncontrolled, land area growth and consumption. But there are signs of change. A national trend toward urban living is on the rise. Loft apartments continue to gain widespread appeal. Downtown residents are trading two-car garages, McMansions, and a large yard for the conveniences of urban living. These commonly include the ability to walk just about anywhere, a reduced reliance on the automobile, close proximity to cultural institutions like museums, live theaters, and libraries, and aesthetically pleasing architecture – resulting in an array of living options. Nevertheless, downtowns continue to struggle with an array of issues. Some cities have met these challenges head on and are experiencing urban revitalization and a generally renewed interest. Others have continued to look the other way, hoping the problems resolve themselves. Unfortunately, inactivity often results in a never-ending slow decline. The truth is: urban renewal is hard work. It requires the dedication and support of a vast network of people. City departments play a role. Police play a role. Community action groups play a role. The individual citizen must play a role. Successful strategies for renewal are often complex, multi-faceted approaches that incorporate projects large and small, as well as a balance of public and private development. City centers are important. They identify us. They tell us who we are and where we have come from. Sometimes they can even tell us where we are going.
Advisors/Committee Members: Tilman, Jeffrey.
Subjects: Architecture
Keywords: Urban Renewal, Suburbia, Urban Sprawl, City Centers, Revitalization
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25.
Sackey, Margaret Mary.
An Examination of Preschool Services in Selected Communities in Tema Municipality (Ghana).
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Curriculum and Instruction Cultural Studies (Education), 2009, Ohio University
► This dissertation examines the nature of services provided in four contrasting preschools…
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▼ This dissertation examines the nature of services provided in four contrasting preschools in the Tema municipality of Ghana. The purpose is to determine whether children in diverse communities within the municipality have access to a fair start in life, where their survival, nutrition, health and growth are considered as primary pre-requisites to their human development The study therefore included an examination of the context, and quality in terms of children's protection from abuse, professional training of the staff, delivery of child care services by preschool officials and availability of learning and recreational resources. It included an examination of the role of parents, public officials and service providers at the preschools. The study also examined whether the type of preschool a child attends is connected to the socio-economic status of the child's family. A qualitative multiple case study approach was used. The approach allowed the examination of each distinct preschool site as a unit of analysis that fostered comparison and brought to the fore the diversity among the communities and their link to the nature of services at the respective preschools. The key instruments used for the data collection after an initial document analysis included survey questions, interviews, focus group discussions and observations involving both adults and preschool children. Among the 31 adults who participated in the study were private sector preschool service providers, parents of the preschool children and public officials from the national, regional, municipal and community levels of the Ghana Education Service. The findings revealed the diversity of services and corroborated literature review which indicated that childcare services in general, inclusive of preschools are at the nexus of globalization, modernization and urbanization while simultaneously being challenged by cultural values of the society within which they are situated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Godwyll, Francis.
Subjects: Educational sociology
Keywords: preschool; Tema; early childhood; model nursery; African traditional childcare; ECD policy
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26.
Sacks, Casey K.
Academic and Disciplinary Outcomes Following Adjudication of Academic Dishonesty.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Higher Education Administration, 2008, Bowling Green State University
► Academic disciplinary processes are viewed by the academic community as the university's…
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▼ Academic disciplinary processes are viewed by the academic community as the university's attempt to communicate expectations about honest scholarly behavior. Most institutions have some process in place, but empirical evidence about the relationship between disciplinary processes and later student performance was lacking. This study investigated the relationship of a collegiate disciplinary process experience on subsequent academic performance by examining student records. A profile of students who were reported for academic dishonesty is presented. Findings indicated sanctions did not impact student retention to the semester following adjudication or student GPA following adjudication. There were, however, students in some subpopulations who were at greater risk for attrition from the university and at risk of attaining lower GPAs following adjudication. There were also differences in who was reported for academic dishonesty than would have been expected given student self-reported numbers from previous research. Implications are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dannells, Michael.
Subjects: Higher education
Keywords: Academic dishonesty; student discipline
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27.
SACKS, DAVID F.
THE EFFECTS OF THE DIRECT INSTRUCTION OF STUDY STRATEGIES ON FIRST YEAR COLLEGE STUDENTS' STRATEGY USE.
Degree: PhD, Education : Educational Studies, 2007, University of Cincinnati
► Many institutions of higher education have implemented programs to encourage self-regulated learning…
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▼ Many institutions of higher education have implemented programs to encourage self-regulated learning involving the assessment of study skills, using instruments such as the LASSI and the instruction of study strategies through specific courses. Some research indicates the success of such endeavors, whereas other research indicates that adult learners are not very proficient at self-regulation. The purpose of this study was two-fold: (1) to determine if students report increased usage and effective execution of study strategies after a series of lessons on study strategies; and (2) to determine if students demonstrate greater gains in reported use and effective execution of such strategies when given practice with domain-specific content in comparison to domain-general course content during a series of lessons on study strategies. A Pretest-Posttest Nonequivalent Comparison Group Design was implemented. The participants in the study were 54 under-prepared first-year college students enrolled in a College Success Seminar at a large urban university. The participants received instruction on how to use and correctly implement several study strategies. Participants completed the Learning and Study Strategies Inventory (LASSI), the Study Strategy Frequency of Use Survey, and the Test for Selecting Main Idea, Organization, and Elaboration as pre- and post-tests. The results indicate that participants did learn how to use and implement the study strategies taught. Of particular interest was the improvement of participants’ ability to use concept mapping and outlining skills as a result of the instruction on study strategies. The study strategies practiced with domain-general content improved in use and implementation; however the instruction did not have the same overall impact with the domain-specific content.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Dr. Rhonda.
Subjects: Education, Educational Psychology
Keywords: study strategies; First Year Experience; under prepared college students; LASSI
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28.
SACKS, DAVID FREDERIC.
THE USE OF MEMORY STRATEGIES BY COLLEGE STUDENTS.
Degree: MEd, Education : Educational Foundations, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► The current study examined college students' use of memory strategies, including type…
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▼ The current study examined college students' use of memory strategies, including type and diversity both within and across disciplines as related to Siegler's work with young children and their use of multiple and variable strategies. A survey was developed for this study and completed by 147 college students in an undergraduate level human development course. There are four research questions associated with this study: 1) do contemporary theoretical models, such as Siegler's Adaptive Strategy Choice Model, adequately characterize college students' strategy use?; 2) are there differences in the frequencies students report using particular strategies within a single discipline and across different disciplines?; 3) what is the relationship between diversity of memory strategy use and final grades for each discipline?; 4) to what extent are individual differences related to students' use of memory strategies? The study found that students use, on average, 3.52 strategies. Eighty-nine respondents, who reported using strategies for three disciplines, indicated they use rehearsal more in natural science and social science than in mathematics, organization more in natural science than social science and mathematics, elaboration more in natural science and social science than mathematics, and imagery and acronym more in natural science than social science which is also more than mathematics. Results, using from 109 to 133 participants depending on the data provided for each discipline, failed to show a relationship between number of memory strategies used and final grades. Finally, results also failed to show that there were individual differences related to students' use of memory strategies.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brown, Dr. Rhonda.
Subjects: Education, Educational Psychology
Keywords: memory strategies; college students; rehearsal; organization; elaboration
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29.
Sadaghiani, Homeyra R.
Conceptual and mathematical barriers to students learning quantum mechanics.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Physics, 2005, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this study is to identify students' conceptual and mathematical…
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▼ The purpose of this study is to identify students' conceptual and mathematical difficulties in learning the core concepts of introductory quantum mechanics, with the eventual goal of developing instructional material to help students with these difficulties. We have investigated student understanding of several core topics in the introductory courses, including quantum measurement, probability, Uncertainty Principle, wave functions, energy eigenstates, recognizing symmetry in physical systems, and mathematical formalism. In addition, we have studied student difficulties in learning, applying, and making sense out of complex mathematical processes in the physics classroom. Most students show difficulties formalizing their conceptual understandings in terms of mathematical symbols. We found students' achievement in quantum courses correlates with their math scores (correlation coefficient 0.547 for P631 and 0.347 for P263). Furthermore, students have difficulty recognizing mathematical symbols for a given graph and lack the ability to associate the correct functions with their respective graphs. In addition, students do not distinguish an oscillatory function such as e-ix from an exponential decay function such as e-x. Many students do not have a functional understanding of probability and its related terminologies. For example, many students confuse the "expectation value" with "probability density" in measurement and some students confuse "probability density" with "probability amplitude" or describe the probability amplitude as a "place" or "area." Furthermore, students' difficulties with the concepts of probability often interfere with their ability to understand and apply the Uncertainty Principle. Some students have difficulty with the concept of the wave function as a probability amplitude. Most students have difficulties calculating a probability density from a given wave function. For example, as a common mistake, students do not square or normalize the wave function before finding the probabilities. Some students have difficulty differentiating wave functions from energy eigenstates and do not write the wave function in terms of its energy eigenfunctions in order to determine the wave function in a later time. Our data also suggested that students tend to use classical models when interpreting quantum systems; for example, some students associate a higher energy to a larger amplitude in a wave function. Furthermore, students do not use the relationship between the wave function and the wavenumber as a primary resource in for qualitative analysis of wave functions in regions of different potential.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bao, Lei.
Subjects: Physics, General
Keywords: quantum mechanics; mathematics; physics education; conceptual difficulties
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30.
Sadasivan, Sridhar.
Mathematical Modeling of Behavior of T-Stub Connections.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Civil Engineering, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► Fully welded moment connections (WMC) for steel frames have been advocated by…
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▼ Fully welded moment connections (WMC) for steel frames have been advocated by building codes to resist earthquake lateral loads, with no height limitations imposed. However, during the 1994 Northridge Earthquake more than 200 frame structures with WMC sustained brittle fractures. Similar failures were also noticed in the 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake. As an alternative several researchers advocated the use of all-bolted and welded-bolted connections with pretensioned bolts as moment connections with adequate ductility to dissipate large amounts of earthquake energy with minimal loss of strength or stiffness. A T-stub connection, which can be designed to resist high moments expected in multi-story steel building frames, is becoming a popular alternative to WMC. This study reports the findings of an investigation conducted to mathematically describe the moment-rotation behavior of T-stub connections, which can then be incorporated in a frame analysis program that considers the beam-to-column joints as partially restrained or semi-rigid.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kukreti, Dr. Anant R.
Subjects: Engineering, Civil
Keywords: T-stub connections; Mathematical modeling of T-stub connections; Frame analysis with PRC's; PRC
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