79 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3]
1.
Ubaid Kassis, Sara.
MAGNETIZATION AND TRANSPORT STUDY OF DISORDERED WEAK ITINERANT FERROMAGNETS.
Degree: PHD, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Physics, 2009, Kent State University
► The study of quantum phase transitions (QPT) provides a new route to…
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▼ The study of quantum phase transitions (QPT) provides a new route to find and understand unconventional phases in condensed matter physics. The presently studied alloy, Ni(1-x)Vx, offers an opportunity to investigate a ferromagnetic quantum phase transition, a transition from a ferromagnetic ordered state into a paramagnetic state at T = 0 K, by varying the vanadium concentration, x. Magnetization and transport measurements are used to probe the critical behavior of the phase transition and characterize the onset of “unconventional behavior” such as non-Fermi liquid behavior, which signals a deviation from Fermi liquid theory, a fundamental concept in metals. Towards 11.2 % vanadium, the Curie temperature (Tc) is reduced to zero from its pure nickel value of Tc = 627 K. The critical behavior of the phase transition in samples with the higher nickel content (x 11.2%) do not show a conventional ferromagnetic transition or the typical properties of an ordinary paramagnet. Instead, we see evidence for power laws with unusual exponents in the temperature dependence of the magnetization and the resistivity due to an inhomogeneous magnetic moment distribution. We compare our data findings with recent theories addressing a new critical scenario, quantum phase transitions with disorder. One signature is a Quantum Griffiths’ phase which is observed as power laws with non-universal exponents heading towards a T → 0 instability. At very low temperatures, the quantum Griffiths phase in Ni-V leads to the formation of a frozen cluster glass phase. To our knowledge, our compound is the first to experimentally show all signatures of a quantum Griffiths phase in an extended regime, and therefore provides an ideal model system for a disordered itinerant 3-d Heisenberg system.
Advisors/Committee Members: Schroeder, Almut.
Subjects: Physics
Keywords: Ferromagnet, Nickel, Vanadium, Itinerant, Disorder, Griffiths phase, Cluster glass, Quantum Phase Transitions, Quantum Critical Point
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2.
Ucar, Duygu.
Constructing and Analyzing Biological Interaction Networks for Knowledge Discovery.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Computer Science and Engineering, 2009, Ohio State University
► Many biological datasets can be effectively modeled as interaction networks where nodes…
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▼ Many biological datasets can be effectively modeled as interaction networks where nodes represent biological entities of interest such as proteins, genes, or complexes and edges mimic associations among them. The study of these biological network structures can provide insight into many biological questions including the functional characterization of genes and gene products, the characterization of DNA-protein bindings, and the understanding of regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, the task of constructing biological interaction networks from raw data sets and exploiting information from these networks is critical, but is also fraught with challenges. First, the network structure is not always known in a priori; the structure should be inferred from raw and heterogeneous biological data sources. Second, biological networks are noisy (containing unreliable interactions) and incomplete (missing real interactions) which makes the task of extracting useful information difficult. Third, typically these networks have non-trivial topological properties (e.g., uneven degree distribution, small world) that limit the effectiveness of traditional knowledge discovery algorithms. Fourth, these networks are usually dynamic and investigation of their dynamics is essential to understand the underlying biological system. In this thesis, we address these issues by presenting a set of computational techniques that we developed to construct and analyze three specific types of biological interaction networks: protein-protein interaction networks, gene co-expression networks, and regulatory networks.
Advisors/Committee Members: Srinivasan, Parthasarathy.
Subjects: Bioinformatics; Computer science
Keywords: Biological interaction networks, microarray, gene regulation
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3.
Ucar, Sedat.
Using inquiry-based instruction with web-based data archives to facilitate conceptual change about tides among preservice teachers.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Educational Studies: Hums, Science, Tech and Voc, 2007, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this mixed methods study was to describe and understand…
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▼ The purpose of this mixed methods study was to describe and understand preservice teachers’ conceptions of tides and to explore an instructional strategy that might promote the learning of scientific concepts. The participants were preservice teachers in three initial licensure programs. A total of 80 graduate students, in secondary, middle, and early childhood education programs completed a multiple choice assessment of their knowledge of tides-related concepts. Thirty of the 80 participants were interviewed before the instruction. Nineteen of the 30 students who were interviewed also participated in the instruction and were interviewed after the instruction. These 19 students also completed both the pre-test and 18 of them completed the post-test on tides and related content. Data regarding the participants’ conceptual understandings of tides were collected before and after the instruction using both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. A multiple choice pre-test was developed by the researcher. The same test was used before and after the instructional intervention. Structured interviews were conducted with participants before and after instruction. In addition to interviews, participants were asked to write a short journal after instruction. The constant comparative method was used to analyze the qualitative data. Preservice teachers’ conceptual understandings of tides were categorized under six different types of conceptual understandings. Before the instruction, all preservice teachers held alternative or alternative fragments as their types of conceptual understandings of tides, and these preservice teachers who held alternative conceptions about tides were likely to indicate that there is one tidal bulge on Earth. They tried to explain this one tidal bulge using various alternative conceptions. After completing an inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction of tides, preservice teachers were more likely to hold a scientific conceptual understanding. Also, after completion of the inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction, some preservice teachers were likely to continue to hold the conception that the rotation of the moon around the Earth during one 24-hour period causes the tides to move with the moon. The findings of the study provide evidence that inquiry-based and technology-enhanced instruction utilizing Web-based archived data sources can be used to promoting conceptual change among preservice teachers.
Advisors/Committee Members: Trundle, Kathy Cabe.
Keywords: conceptual change; web-based instruction; inquiry-based instruction; tides; preservice teachers
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4.
Uchida, Chiharu Hashimoto.
Making possibilities visible: the process of collaboration between general and special education teachers in an inclusive early childhood education program.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Educational Theory and Practice, 2005, Ohio State University
► This dissertation seeks to investigate the development of collaboration among different institutions…
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▼ This dissertation seeks to investigate the development of collaboration among different institutions and disciplines to serve young children with and without special needs. The Education Center for Young Children and Families (ECYCF), located in an urban area of a Midwestern city, was chosen as the research site for this dissertation because it offers comprehensive services and utilizes a progressive inclusion model (based on a 14-year history of partnership among multiple institutions). Utilizing ethnographic methods such as participant observation, semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and focus group interviews, data was collected over three years. The data corpus was divided into two parts: (1) historical and leadership level and (2) practical and classroom level. The second level focused on one classroom led by two Head Start and two special education teachers. Collaboration patterns at the leadership and the practice levels represented integrated collaboration and family collaboration respectively. At the leadership level, their shared vision to provide seamless and comprehensive services for children and their families in the community sustained the long-term partnership despite the differences among organizations. When they opened the ECYCF building in 2001, the leaders also constructed the integrated curriculum to blend the different philosophies and practices of different agencies. However, at the practice level not all the teachers from different agencies were ready to fit into the new system and norms. The interaction patterns among teachers from different agencies can be described as the way that a family that lives together in challenging situations might act; the teachers had to learn to adjust their ways of teaching to the context of the ECYCF. Two spheres of cultural elements influenced practical level collaboration: “organizational coordination” and “personal beliefs and values.” Both of them are needed for efficient collaborative teaching team. Therefore, the administrative level partnership needs to continuously provide organizational conditions, such as socializing opportunities for teachers and active sharing of the ‘vision’ and the passion that have driven the leaders of the partnership. Further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of collaborative teaching, specifically, teacher collaboration and children’s socializations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kantor, Rebecca.
Subjects: Education, Early Childhood
Keywords: Early Childhood Education; Inclusion; Professional Development; Collaboration; Head Start; Special Education
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5.
Udayasankar, Subalekha.
Investigation of Automated Population and Maintenance of a Resource Database using Web-based Screen Scraping and Web Services.
Degree: Master of Science, Computer Science and Systems Analysis, 2007, Miami University
► The World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast collection of files accessible…
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▼ The World Wide Web (WWW) is a vast collection of files accessible to the public primarily through hyper-linked files called Web pages. Increasingly, people turn to the Web to locate suppliers, products and services. The Community Disaster Information System (CDIS), developed by Miami University for the American Red Cross, provides Red Cross workers with a database of suppliers of products and services for disaster response. Currently, Red Cross Workers populate and maintain the CDIS database through manual data entry. The Web can be used for automating the data population and maintenance tasks in CDIS. The goal of the thesis is to develop automated techniques for entering and maintaining the supplier information to enhance the quantity and quality of information in the CDIS system. Web-based screen scraping and Web Services are used to confirm that a significant portion of the data in the CDIS system can be automatically populated and maintained using the Web. The results suggest that using this approach, CDIS can store current, standard supplier information free of duplicates. The major drawback is that Web-based screen scraping requires maintenance in long-term usage.
Advisors/Committee Members: Troy, Douglas.
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6.
Uddandam, Vinay R.
Computer Simulation of an Electrostatic Cyclonic Emissions Separator.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Mechanical Engineering (Engineering and Technology), 2008, Ohio University
► In 1997, the United States Environmental Protection Agency strengthened its health protection…
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▼ In 1997, the United States Environmental Protection Agency strengthened its health protection standard for particulate matter by introducing the PM 2.5 standard. This standard has since lead to control of fine particulates with even more importance and better technology. Although, fabric filters and electrostatic precipitators on coal-burning facilities are successful in attaining standards, these technologies are relatively expensive, need a huge amount of space, and require longer downtimes for installation. The primary focus of this research is to use Fluent and Gambit software to simulate an electro cyclone technology with a novel slipstream idea aimed at reducing fine particulate matter efficiently, combined with a conventional PM control technology. The computer model, once validated appropriately using a bench-scale cyclone, would serve as a design tool to further improve the novel electro cyclone concept.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bayless, David J.
Subjects: Mechanical engineering
Keywords: Computer; Electrocyclone; CFD; Fluent; Gambit; Validation; 5-Hole; 3D; Pitot Probe
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7.
Uddi, Mruthunjaya.
Non-Equilibrium Kinetic Studies Of Repetitively Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge Plasma Assisted Combustion.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Mechanical Engineering, 2008, Ohio State University
► The dissertation presents non-equilibrium chemical kinetic studies of large volume lean gaseous…
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▼ The dissertation presents non-equilibrium chemical kinetic studies of large volume lean gaseous hydrocarbon/ air mixture combustion at temperatures (~300K) much below self ignition temperatures and low pressures (40-80torr), in ~25 nanosecond duration repetitive high voltage (~18kV) electric discharges running at 10 Hz. Xenon calibrated Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (TALIF) is used to measure absolute atomic oxygen concentrations in air, methane-air, and ethylene-air non-equilibrium plasmas, as a function of time after initiation of a single 25 nsec discharge pulse at 10Hz. Oxygen atom densities are also measured after a burst of nanosecond discharges at a variety of delay times, the burst being run at 10Hz. Each burst contains sequences of 2 to 100 nanosecond discharge pulses at 100 kHz. Burst mode measurements show very significant (up to ~0.2%) build-up of atomic oxygen density in air, and some build-up (by a factor of approximately three) in methane-air at Ф=0.5. Burst measurements in ethylene-air at Ф=0.5 show essentially no build-up, due to rapid O atom reactions with ethylene in the time interval between the pulses. Nitric oxide density is also measured using single photon Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF), in a manner similar to oxygen atoms, and compared with kinetic modeling. Fluorescence from a NO (4.18ppm) +N2 calibration gas is used to calibrate the NO densities. Peak density in air is found to be ~ 3.5ppm at ~ 225μs, increasing from almost initial levels of ~ 0 ppm directly after the pulse. Kinetic modeling using only the Zeldovich mechanism predicts a slow increase in NO formation, in ~ 2 ms, which points towards the active participation of excited N2 and O2 molecules and N atoms in forming NO molecules. Ignition delay at a variety of fuel/ air conditions is studied using OH emission measurements at ~ 308nm as ignition foot prints. The ignition delay is found to be in the range of 6-20ms for ethylene/ air mixtures. No ignition was observed in the case of methane/ air mixtures. All these measurements agree well with kinetic modeling developed involving plasma reactions and electron energy distribution function calculations.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lempert, Walter.
Subjects: Chemistry
Keywords: Plasma assisted combustion; non equilibrium kinetics; laser diagnostics; TALIF
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8.
Udel, Lisa J.
REVISING STRATEGIES THE LITERATURE AND POLITICS OF NATIVE WOMEN'S ACTIVISM.
Degree: PhD, Arts and Sciences : English and Comparative Literature, 2001, University of Cincinnati
► This work examines Native women's activism in contemporary North American decolonizing movements.…
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▼ This work examines Native women's activism in contemporary North American decolonizing movements. Looking at Native women's political literature with particular attention to their theories of gender, post-colonialism, Indigenism, feminism, and the reformative obligations of the writer, this study is concerned with several questions. First, how do Native women activists and writers analyze their experiences of hegemonic and patriarchal oppression, how do they outline and enact their political vision, and how do they theorize "race" and "gender" in twentieth- and twenty-first-century North America? Second, how does the history of conquest, going back at least three centuries, continue to affect contemporary Native women's theories and praxes of activism today? Third, what are the intellectual, cultural, and political responsibilities of the Native activist/writer living in modern America? Finally, how have Native women constructed their political vision against and alongside white women's movements? Can they coalesce for political reform? Native women's decolonizing movements include a critique of Eurocentrism, grounded in an analysis of specific historical contingencies, along with the reintegration of Native traditions of social and political praxes into contemporary tribal life. Several Native writers characterize this movement as "Indigenism" which presupposes several assumptions: that indigenous people worldwide share a common experience of colonization and subsumption into a capitalist, hegemonic nation state; a shared investment in the attainment of sovereign nationhood; and a fundamentally non-disruptive, integrative relationship to the natural habitat. Chapter One examines Native women's life narratives, concentrating on questions of writing as witness and the achievement of a liberatory voice through inscription. Chapter Two reviews the differences between Native and western feminist activism, arguing that these differences are determined, in part, by Native and white women's divergent histories of gender. Chapter Three explores the political and artistic theories of "Two-Spirit" women writers which argue for their responsibility to mediate between worlds in conflict. Chapter Four demonstrates the ways that Native women activist writers promote Indigenism and sovereignty, concluding with a discussion of the authors' designs upon the reader and that reader's role as a consumer of and participant in texts with an overtly Indigenist agenda.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hogeland, Lisa Maria.
Keywords: NATIVE AMERICAN STUDIES; NATIVE AMERICAN WOMEN WRITERS; FEMINIST STUDIES; WOMEN'S STUDIES; AMERICAN LITERATURE
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9.
Uechi, Guy Takeo.
Infrared photophysics of gas phase ions in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Chemistry, 1993, Case Western Reserve University
► Infrared radiative cooling of vibrationally excited n-butylbenzene ions was studied in chapter…
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▼ Infrared radiative cooling of vibrationally excited n-butylbenzene ions was studied in chapter III. This was done by a technique called ion thermometry, where the internal energy of the ions could be probed by the branching ratio of two competitive photoproducts. The infrared radiative cooling rate constant was observed to be 0.8 s-1 for ions with energies of only 0.3 eV above room temperature. Confidence in the thermometric data depended on the reliability of the measured branching ratios. In chapter IV a computer simulation was used to show that erroneous peak height ratios were produced by the Coulombic repulsion between ions during ion excitation, and reliable ratios could be obtained by working at low excitation, and reliable ratios could be obtained by working at low ion densities and using a short excitation pulse. Chapter V discussed our first attempt to describe infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) of trapped ions in a thermal framework. Using a computer simulation the laser intensity was associated with an internal ion temperature for ions undergoing continuous laser irradiation. An Arrhenius type plot was constructed, and the activation energy obtained from it seemed reasonable within the expectations from Tolman’s theorem. To pursue the feasibility of the thermal analysis of IRMPD kinetics, the thermometric technique was used in chapter VI to observe the CO2 laser pumping process for n-butylbenzene ions. The data showed that the steady state distribution of the ion energies reached during laser pumping is very dependent on the rate of photon absorption and emission. The generalized thermal analysis which was done in chapter V was found to be unfeasible. Ion thermometry was also used in chapter V to observe the rate of photon emission from n-butylbenzene ions heated by the cw-CO2 laser. Although the ions contained 0.3 eV more energy than the ions studied in chapter 2, the observed rate of cooling was the same. Chapter VII describes the association reactions between silicon ions and a series of aromatic molecules (benzene, naphthalene, and anthracene). These reactions are mediated by the emission of an infrared photon, thereby termed radiative association reactions. In all three cases the silicon ion inserted into the C-H bond of the molecules as shown by the collision induced dissociation spectra of the association product ions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Dunbar, Robert C.
Keywords: Infrared photophysics; gas phase ions; Fourier transform; ion cyclotron; resonance mass spectrometer
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10.
Uffelman, Rachel Anne.
Moderation of the Relation Between Distress and Help-Seeking Intentions: An Application of Hope Theory.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Counseling Psychology, 2005, University of Akron
► Theories of psychological help-seeking consistently suggest that personal traits influence the process…
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▼ Theories of psychological help-seeking consistently suggest that personal traits influence the process of help-seeking. Research on help-seeking intentions indicates that positive attitude toward help-seeking and having sought help in the past are also related to greater intentions to seek help in the future. The role of distress in predicting help-seeking intentions is somewhat less clear, with research inconsistently supporting the relation between heightened distress and intentions to seek psychological help. The present research attempted to clarify the relation between distress and help-seeking intentions by introducing hope as defined by Hope Theory (Snyder et al., 1991) as a personal trait that may serve to moderate this relation. This cognitive theory of motivation addresses the thought processes underlying goal-directed behavior, suggesting that hope is comprised of agency and pathways thinking. It was hypothesized that distressed individuals with higher trait hope would report greater intentions to seek psychological help than distressed individuals with low levels of trait hope. It was also hypothesized that this moderating relationship would remain after accounting for the effects of attitude toward help-seeking and past help-seeking behavior. A final sample of 188 undergraduate students identified their most troubling problem and completed measures of distress, attitudes toward help-seeking, and trait iv hope. Participants also reported their intentions to engage in four increasingly committed steps in the help-seeking process, and provided information about their past help-seeking experiences. Results indicated that Agency (the perceived ability to initiate and sustain movement toward a goal), but not Pathways or Hope Scale total scores, moderated the relation between distress and help-seeking intentions. When help-seeking attitudes and past help-seeking were included, Hope Scale total scores and Agency scores both moderated the distress – intentions relation. However, these relations were in the opposite direction as hypothesized. Distressed individuals with low amounts of trait hope or hope or agency reported stronger intentions to seek help than distressed individuals with high levels of agency. Low-distress persons were similar in their intentions to seek help, regardless of their level of trait hope. Limitations of the study, implications for theory and practice, and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Hardin, Susan I.
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical
Keywords: Psychological help-seeking; Hope Theory; College Students
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11.
Ugueto, Ana Maria.
Psychopathy in delinquent girls: an examination of factor structure.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 2005, Ohio State University
► The present study investigated the validity of the two-factor model of psychopathy…
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▼ The present study investigated the validity of the two-factor model of psychopathy in a juvenile justice sample of adolescents. Previous research conducted by Frick, O’Brien, Wootton, and McBurnett (1994) discovered that Callous and Unemotional (CU) Traits and Impulsive, Conduct Problems (ICP) best represented psychopathy in youth; these factors are correlated (r =0.50). However, this study and a subsequent study (Frick, Bodin, and Barry, 2000) that confirmed the two-factor model have limited generalizability since they were modeled on samples that were largely comprised of Caucasian males. The purpose of the current study is to test the validity of the two-factor model in a sample of Caucasian and African-American, adolescent girls. Forty-eight variables were selected from the Global Risk Assessment Device (Gavazzi, Slade, Buettner, Partridge, Yarcheck, and Andrews, 2003 ) and factor analyzed in an adjudicated sample of boys; a nine-factor model (School Problems, Sexuality, Employment, CU Traits, Parent-Child Conflict, Victimization, Internalizing Symptoms, Narcissism, and Aggression) emerged. An ICP factor was not identified, although a CU traits and a Narcissism factor were retained. The presence of a separate Narcissism factor is consistent with a three-factor model of psychopathy (Frick et al., 2000). The nine-factor structure was replicated in another sample of boys and a sample of girls in the juvenile justice system. No significant differences in model fit were found across sex; the model fit was equivalent in both samples. Behavioral correlates were invariant across sex; sexual promiscuity, aggression, and symptoms of anxiety and depression were all positively related to CU traits, as were problems in school, conflicts between children and their parents, histories of victimization, and employment difficulties. Strengths of this study include the large sample of girls (n=736, 42% of total sample) and African-Americans (n=771, 44% of total sample). Limitations include the use of a measure that was not specifically designed to capture psychopathic traits and the limited randomization of the two samples of boys.
Advisors/Committee Members: Vasey, Michael W.
Subjects: Psychology, Clinical
Keywords: PSYCHOPATHY; CALLOUS-UNEMOTIONAL TRAITS; CONDUCT PROBLEMS; DELINQUENCY; FEMALES
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12.
Ugurdag, Hasan Fatih.
Various perspectives of loop pipelining.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Electrical Engineering, 1995, Case Western Reserve University
► Loops can be a bottle-neck in many computer applications. Examples of such…
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▼ Loops can be a bottle-neck in many computer applications. Examples of such applications include industrial inspection tasks, embedded system software, and DSP algorithms. Loop pipelining (LP p) may be used to boost performance and/or reduce system cost by increasing hardware utilization. This thesis is unique in the sense that it examines LP p in a very wide spectrum. This spectrum begins with multiprocessing at the higher end, " (MiPT). MiPT is further extended to "p-timing" which adds LP p capability to high-level synthesis systems for digital design.
Advisors/Committee Members: Papachristou, Christos A.
Keywords: Loop pipelining
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13.
Ugwunwa, Gabriel M.
A system dynamics application to student enrollment forecasting.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering (Engineering), 1980, Ohio University
A system dynamics application to student enrollment forecasting
Advisors/Committee Members: Williams, Robert L.
Subjects: Engineering, Industrial
Keywords: enrollment forecasting; DYNAMO simulation equation; curve fitting
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15.
Uhrig, Ashley.
A Comparison of Individual and Dyad Instruction for Spanish-Speaking Siblings.
Degree: Bachelor of Arts, Education, 2009, Wittenberg University Honors Theses
► The goal of my study was to compare English Language Learner instruction…
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▼ The goal of my study was to compare English Language Learner instruction for Spanish-speaking siblings when taught individually and together. The English Language Learner [ELL] field is rapidly growing; however, not a lot of research has been done in the area of ELL siblings. Through this paper I will share the findings of my study in which I worked with two pairs of Spanish-speaking siblings individually and together to determine if working with a sibling has an effect on how the students focus on the lesson (if they pay attention more, are distracted easier, etc.) and on how much information the students take from the lesson. In my study I also examined teacher, peer, administration, and parental perception of ELL instruction and teacher preparedness for working with these students.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lawson, Lora.
Subjects: Education; Language arts
Keywords: English Language Learners (ELL); English as a Second Language (ESL); Spanish; siblings
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16.
Uijt de Haag, Maarten.
An investigation into the application of block processing techniques for the Global Positioning System.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Electrical Engineering (Engineering), 1999, Ohio University
► Digital signal processing techniques, applied to blocks of GPS samples are investigated…
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▼ Digital signal processing techniques, applied to blocks of GPS samples are investigated and tested using GPS software signal simulators and real GPS data. This dissertation discusses the conventional sequential techniques and the disadvantages of these techniques. Furthermore, effects of user-satellite dynamics, oscillator variations, and radio- frequency interference are addressed. Basic block processing approaches are discussed and subdivided into time domain, frequency domain, and time-frequency domain methods. Three case studies are performed to prove the application of discussed block processing techniques for GPS; detection of GPS signals in environments where desired signals are strongly attenuated, tracking of GPS signals under dynamically challenging conditions, and detection and suppression of narrow-band and pulsed radio-interference.
Advisors/Committee Members: van Graas, Frank.
Keywords: user-satellite dynamics; oscillator variations; radio- frequency interference
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17.
Uitto, Denise J.
Professional Development Standards: Implementation and Challenges in Selected Ohio Schools.
Degree: Doctor of Education, College of Education, 2004, Ashland University
► Professional development offers teachers the training for new instructional practices that support…
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▼ Professional development offers teachers the training for new instructional practices that support student learning. To assist school leaders implementing professional development programs, the National Staff Development Council’s Standards for Staff Development serves as a valuable guide. This study was designed to determine the number of Ohio public schools aligned with these standards using a questionnaire, alignment schema, and scoring rubric designed by the researcher. Of the 58 Ohio public schools that participated in this study, 20 were considered aligned with the National Staff Development Council’s standards. Of the schools not aligned with these standards, the family involvement standard was typically not implemented. The major challenges experienced by school leaders when implementing professional development opportunities were resources and the change process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Flanagan Hudson, Kathleen.
Subjects: Education, Administration
Keywords: Professional Development; Staff Development; Challenges in Schools; Leadership Training
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18.
Ukidwe, Nandan Uday.
Thermodynamic input-output analysis of economic and ecological systems for sustainable engineering.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Chemical Engineering, 2005, Ohio State University
► Traditional methods in engineering and economics focus on economic capital while ignoring…
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▼ Traditional methods in engineering and economics focus on economic capital while ignoring the natural capital, leading to environmentally unconscious and unsustainable industrial operations. This dissertation proposes a new thermodynamic approach to address this shortcoming. The new approach, called Thermodynamic Input-Output Analysis (TIOA), calculates degradation of energy quality in the economic and ecological stages of a process’ or product’s supply network. The energy quality is measured in terms of exergy or available energy. TIOA synthesizes natural and human resource and emission data from various public domain databases. It uses concepts from systems ecology to determine exergy flows in the ecological stages and economic input-output analysis to determine exergy flows in the economic stages of a supply network. This dissertation applies TIOA to analyze 91-sector 1992 and 488-sector 1997 representations of the US economy. It calculates natural capital throughputs of individual industry sectors in terms of their Ecological Cumulative Exergy Consumption (ECEC). It also juxtaposes natural capital throughputs with economic capital throughputs by calculating ECEC/money ratios. These ratios indicate the discrepancy between thermodynamic work and the willingness of people to pay for economic goods and services. ECEC/money ratios are found to decrease from basic infrastructure industries to value-added service industries suggesting that the service industries are better at valuing ecosystem contribution than resource extraction and manufacturing industries. These results have important implications to designing sustainable macroeconomic policies. The industry-specific ECEC/money and ICEC/money ratios are a major improvement over single economy-wide emergy/$ ratio in emergy analysis and similar aggregate metrics in thermoeconomics. Such industry specific ratios are useful in hybrid thermodynamic analysis of industrial systems and provide a unique insight into their environmental implications. This has been illustrated by comparing alternative electricity generation systems. Industry specific ECEC/money and ICEC/money ratios are also useful in constructing hierarchical thermodynamic metrics of sustainability. Such metrics are stackable, robust, and communicable to diverse stake-holders. In the end, this dissertation proposes a multiscale statistical data fusion framework for Life Cycle Inventory analysis. Such framework ensures maximum utilization of available data and models, and can identify missing data, reconcile conflicting data and determine confidence bounds on LCA results by incorporating stochastic and subjective knowledge.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bakshi, Bhavik R.
Keywords: Process Systems Engineering, Industrial Ecology, Environmental Life Cycle Assessment and Sustainable Engineering
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19.
Ukil, Leena.
Isolation of copy number suppressors of the nimA1kinase and mitotic regulation of nucleolar structure in Aspergillus nidulans.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Molecular Genetics, 2007, Ohio State University
► Regulation of cell cycle is critical for normal development of multicellular organisms…
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▼ Regulation of cell cycle is critical for normal development of multicellular organisms and an understanding of this process is crucial for studying cell proliferation and cancer. A number of cell cycle dependent protein kinases specifically control mitotic progression and chromosome segregation. The nimAgene in Aspergillus nidulansencodes one such protein kinase that is both required and sufficient for chromosome condensation, spindle formation and nuclear pore disassembly to allow tubulin and regulators to enter nuclei during mitosis. In the filamentous fungus A. nidulans, the NIMA kinase is required for the regulation of mitosis along with CDK1/cyclin B. Levels of NIMA are regulated throughout the cell cycle, reaching a maximum at mitotic entry and falling dramatically at mitotic exit. The essential function of NIMA in A. nidulansand the growing recognition of its function in other eukaryotes, means that a study of NIMA function would reveal unique insights into cell cycle regulation among a broad range of organisms. I describe here the characterization of 3 novel genes mcnA, mcnBand mcnC, multi-copy number suppressors of the nimA1conditional mutant, identified in a copy number suppression screen of the nimA1mutant, and describe the potential novel roles they may play in mitotic regulation. I also present a study on the mitotic segregation of the nucleolus in A. nidulans. The nucleolus is a prominent nuclear structure whose mitotic segregation is poorly understood. In A. nidulansnuclei, mitosis is a partially open process and the nucleolus segregates through a completely novel mechanism. Unlike Saccharomyces cerevisiae, few A. nidulansnucleolar proteins segregate with DNA. Instead during DNA segregation, a double pinch of the NE occurs resulting in the formation of two daughter nuclei and a central cytoplasmic structure, the nuclear remnant, containing the nucleolus. While the NOR segregates with DNA, the bulk of nucleolar proteins remain distinct in the cytoplasm within the nuclear remnant. It is only during late telophase/early G1 that the nucleolar proteins from the remnant begin to undergo a sequential disassembly and reassembly into the daughter nuclei resulting in the formation of two functional daughter nucleoli by a step-wise process.
Advisors/Committee Members: Osmani, Stephen A.
Keywords: NIMA; copy number suppressor; nucleolus
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20.
Ukockis, Gail L.
Informal HIV/AIDS caregivers: A study of their decision-making, experiences, and perspectives.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Social Work, 2007, Ohio State University
► This research seeks to explore the informal HIV/AIDS caregivers’ experiences to better…
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▼ This research seeks to explore the informal HIV/AIDS caregivers’ experiences to better understand how they decide to take on the role of caregiver, how they cope with the stigma of caring for an HIV-positive person, and their level of comfort negotiating the social service systems on behalf of the care receiver. Currently there is a research gap on informal HIV/AIDS caregiving. Since 1996, the introduction of antiretroviral medications extended the lives of HIV-positive individuals. This has changed the nature of HIV/AIDS caregiving from a short-term acute situation to long-term intermittent care, thus making the role of caregivers even more complex. Without adequate understanding of the nature of the informal caregiving experiences, local and state policymakers do not recognize the need for more support for caregivers. Another research gap is the racial/ethnic aspects, since African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos have disproportionate rates of HIV infection. This research will help HIV/AIDS service organizations and other social service organizations to learn more about caregivers and caregiver burden, thus leading to better coordination of services. No national data exists on the number of informal HIV/AIDS caregivers, but local data from the AIDS Taskforce of Greater Cleveland and Columbus AIDS Taskforce indicates that nearly half of their clients depend on caregiving. Although the antiretroviral medications are effective in reducing the AIDS mortality rate, the HIV/AIDS epidemic has affected the health of many HIV-positive persons. This research study of caregiving, conducted in the antiretroviral era, revealed that the number of hours committed to caregiving was a mean of 20.68 hours/week with the median of 15 hours. Not only were there a high number of IADLs (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living) performed for each receiver (mean of 6.46 and median of 6), but also over half of the care receivers (56.8%) received assistance with at least one ADL (Activity of Daily Living). This indicates that informal HIV/AIDS caregiving is often a part-time job with an intense level of care. Another finding was the high preponderance of males as HIV/AIDS caregivers who did not fit the stereotype of the gay white male taking care of his partner.
Advisors/Committee Members: Balaswamy, Shantha.
Subjects: Social Work
Keywords: HIV/AIDS; Caregiving
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21.
Ukoli-Onodipe, Grace O.
Designing optimal water supply systems for developing countries.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, 2003, Ohio State University
► The water supply and sanitation situation in the developing world is still…
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▼ The water supply and sanitation situation in the developing world is still very inadequate. In Africa, for example, more than 47 percent of urban households are without access to safe water. The condition is even worse in rural areas. This study reports a meta-analysis of more than 20 studies estimating household willingness to pay (WTP) for various improvements in water services in low-income countries using the contingent valuation method. Meta analysis is a statistical technique that combines findings from separate but similar studies to estimate a relationship between, in this case, household WTP and variables describing local conditions and research treatments. Point estimates of discounted monthly household WTP for private connection charges range from $3.47 to $5.55, depending on income, compared to $1.74 to $3.14 for public standpipes. WTP for sewer connections was $1.10 to $1.41. After a search of secondary literature, life-cycle cost estimates were constructed from raw data provided by expert informants for construction and maintenance of groundwater schemes for public standpipes, private connections, and sanitation facilities for 3 model rural villages in Nigeria. Cost estimates and household WTP estimates are used to determine what proportion of households would sign-up for each service level at various prices, given household income. Because WTP for sewer connections was very low relative to costs, sewer connections were eliminated at this point in the analysis. Rather than the one-size-fits-all water systems often provided by donor agencies and governments in developing countries, we show that providing a menu of service levels can be welfare-improving. Balanced-budget project feasibility and proportion of households served depend on the pricing scheme, as well as WTP and costs. It was found that 100 per cent of households are served only when some form of price discrimination (e.g., uniform price with targeted rebates) is used. The results are sensitive to the spatial dispersion of income classes in the model villages. With neighbor stratification by income, it becomes more likely that poor neighborhoods would not be served (in the absence of subsidies); with income classes scattered, it is more likely that whole villages may fail the balanced-budget test.
Advisors/Committee Members: Randall, Alan.
Subjects: Economics, Agricultural
Keywords: Willingness to Pay; Meta Analysis; Contingent Valuation; Rural Villages; Developing Countries; Nigeria; Household Water Supply; Sanitation
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22.
Ukpabi, Ivonne Nkoli.
VGLUT and GAD65 Expression in Physiologically Characterized Ia Afferents.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Physiology and Biophysics, 2007, Wright State University
► Peripheral nerve injury is known to induce several changes in the physiology…
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▼ Peripheral nerve injury is known to induce several changes in the physiology and morphology of the injured afferent. These changes include hyperexcitability, decreased dorsal root potentials (DRP), loss of synaptic vesicles as well as loss of the vesicular glutamate transporter, VGLUT1. While many of the changes caused by peripheral injury revert with regeneration, others appear to be permanent. The loss of the stretch reflex for example is a puzzling outcome of recovery after peripheral nerve transection and regeneration, especially given that the electrical counterpart of the stretch reflex (the H-reflex) recovers after regeneration. We hypothesized that stretch induced transmission is suppressed at the primary afferent – motor neuron synapse and sought to determine whether this was due to a decrease in excitatory transmission or an increase in presynaptic inhibition. To this end, we measured the level of expression of VGLUT1 and 2 as well as the GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD65 in the central terminals of physiologically characterized primary afferents from healthy Wistar rats for comparison with regenerated animals. An inverse relationship appears to exist between VGLUT1 and GAD65 expression. Expression of the two proteins also differ in laminae V, VII and IX, with the highest VGLUT1 immunoreactivity in lamina V and the highest number of GAD65-intense presynaptic boutons in lamina IX. The possible effects of regeneration on this pattern are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Cope, Timothy C.
Keywords: VGLUT1; VGLUT2; GAD65; Ia afferent
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23.
Ulak, James Thomas.
Fukutomi zoshi: The genesis and transmutations of a medieval Japanese scatological tale.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Art History, 1994, Case Western Reserve University
► The Fukutomi zoshi is a medieval Japanese illustrated narrative painting which recounts…
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▼ The Fukutomi zoshi is a medieval Japanese illustrated narrative painting which recounts the folly of competing neighbors in their efforts to perfect the art of musical farting. This dissertation proposes that the Shumpo-in (Kyoto) version of the scroll, the oldest complete version, was produced during the second or third decade of the fifteenth century and bears the calligraphy of Gosuko-in, noted courtier and connoisseur. In a comparative analysis with the virtually contemporary but incomplete Cleveland Museum of Art version, the story is demonstrated to be both a general wry observation of social disarray caused by the upward mobility of the lower classes in Muromachi society as well as a specific satire aimed at the playwright and theorist, Zeami.
Advisors/Committee Members: Lee, Sherman E.
Subjects: Art History
Keywords: Fukutomi zoshi genesis transmutations medieval Japanese scatological tale
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24.
Uldall, Brian Robert.
Counterfactual thinking and cognitive consistency.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 2005, Ohio State University
► The impact of reasoning counterfactually about how the world might have been…
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▼ The impact of reasoning counterfactually about how the world might have been transcends a large number of academic specialties. The effects of cognitive consistency are prevalent in the social psychological literature from the middle of the 20th century henceforth. The two literatures are large and pervasive, yet exactly how one could inform the other is not explicitly shown by current theorizing and research. In the current work, it was first hypothesized that consistency pressures would drive the ease and acceptance of counterfactual thought (studies 1a and 1b), such that participants would prefer a match of character valence and counterfactual direction. Secondly, it was hypothesized that counterfactual thinking would impact the perception of factual outcomes (studies 2a and 2b), and thirdly, thereby affect the perceptions of groups as acting entities (study 3). Results from these studies provided limited support for the first two hypotheses, but support was not found for the third. The results are discussed vis a vis the effects of participant involvement during hypothetical scenario studies, as well as potential contributions to the cognitive consistency perspective and counterfactual literature.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brewer, Marilynn B.
Subjects: Psychology, Social
Keywords: Counterfactual thinking; cognitive consistency; balance theory; entitativity; gestalt
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25.
Ulimwengu, John M.
Persistent and transitory poverty across locations in the United States.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Agricultural, Environmental and Development Economics, 2006, Ohio State University
► Using a geocoded version of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979…
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▼ Using a geocoded version of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79), my findings suggest that the persistently poor receive less than 65% of their total income as wages, accumulate fewer assets, and rely heavily on government social transfers. Although their incomes fall below the poverty line occasionally, the transitorily poor stay above the poverty line most of the time. I confirm the presence of poverty clusters as well as the presence of spatial interaction across locations. This calls for cooperation among counties or states in the fight against poverty. I use a generalized mixed linear model that incorporates both fixed and random effects while controlling for individual characteristics and spatial attributes. I find that the persistently poor and the transitorily poor experience very different poverty paths. Years of education, labor market participation, and access to the benefit of economic growth are among the major factors explaining the difference in wellbeing between the two groups of poor households. Spatial attributes such as level of employment and population share of college graduates yield different returns in terms of wellbeing with respect to metro or nonmetro locations. In metro areas, the effect of job-training, economic growth and human capital on household living standards decreases with respect to the population size. In nonmetro areas, the effect of an increase in the share of college graduates increases with the rurality of the location. The more rural the location, the greater is the effect of human capital on living standards. Overall, my findings support arguments in favor of policies that differentiate persistent poverty from transitory poverty. They also highlight the importance of spatial attributes in the fight against poverty.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kraybill, David.
Subjects: Economics, Agricultural
Keywords: Poverty; Persistent; Transitory; Mixed-effects linear model; Dynamics
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26.
Uline-Olmstead, Molly Louise.
THE KNITTED FLOWER PROJECT: ARTS-BASED RESEARCH WITHIN KNITTING COMMUNITIES.
Degree: Master of Arts, Arts Policy and Administration, 2009, Ohio State University
► The purpose of this thesis is to explore three threads of intertwining…
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▼ The purpose of this thesis is to explore three threads of intertwining interest: knitting, artmaking, and qualitative inquiry. I explore the history of knitting as women’s work, a creative outlet, and community activity and from this historical basis I investigate the contemporary role of knitting in women’s culture. My contemporary analysis serves as the groundwork for creating a community knitted artwork. I approach this artmaking through mixed arts and feminist based qualitative methodology of A/r/tography and the corresponding methods of Autoethnography and Knitalong. To evaluate this work, I encouraged knitters to read, reflect, and revise the research findings and artmaking processes. I identify areas of resonance, transparency, communicability, and coherence throughout, highlighting ways in which this research can apply to other projects. My goal is to perpetuate knitting, engage in and encourage communal artmaking, and provide a forum for discussion about the role of knitting in the participants lives.
Advisors/Committee Members: Sanders, James.
Subjects: Art education; Fine Arts; Textile research; Womens studies
Keywords: knitting; community; blogs; web-based research; craft; fiber; qualitative inquiry; a/r/tography; autoethnography; knitalong; arts-based research; feminist critical theory
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27.
Uliss, Barbara Turk.
Reporting interest rate swaps: The association of disclosure quality with credit risk and ownership structure.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Accounting, 1991, Case Western Reserve University
► The rapidly increasing use of interest rate swaps has accentuated the need…
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▼ The rapidly increasing use of interest rate swaps has accentuated the need for informative corporate reporting of swap transactions. This cross-sectional study of 165 firms examines issues associated with the separation of corporate ownership and control, and with the function of financial disclosure in mitigating conflicts between shareholders and managers. It is argued that (1) managers have incentives to use interest rate swaps opportunistically, and to limit disclosure of associated information important to investors, and (2) the use and disclosure of interest rate swaps is related to both the credit risk and the ownership structure of a firm. Since managers' incentives for using swaps cannot be measured directly, a measure of disclosure quality is developed to serve as the dependent variable. The quality of disclosure reflects managers' decisions to either disclose or to withhold private information. Independent variables include measures of the disclosing firm's credit risk and ownership structure. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to test a credit risk model which incorporates variables found to be significant in related studies. The CFA model provides measures of the size, unique risk, and market-related risk of firms in the study. Factor scores for these three latent credit risk variables served as independent variables in multinomial logit tests of hypotheses related to disclosure quality. Although findings did not confirm the expected relationship with credit risk, a model relating ownership structure to the quality of disclosure includes significant coefficients for managerial ownership and size. Results indicate that disclosure quality declines with increases in firm size. Disclosure quality is expected to reflect increases in managerial ownership by both (1) increasing due to a convergence of interests with owners and (2) decreasing due to the growing entrenchment and discretion of managers. The nonlinear relationship hypothesized to arise from these competing effects is confirmed. Systematic variation in disclosure quality with size and managerial ownership imply that there is a reason for low quality disclosure – opportunistic behavior on the part of managers. These results indicate that concern for the welfare of those who rely on public disclosure of swap transactions is well-founded
Advisors/Committee Members: Previts, Gary John.
Subjects: Business Administration, Accounting
Keywords: Interest rate swaps; Disclosure quality; Credit risk, ownership structure
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28.
Ullah, Ghanim.
COMPUTATIONAL MODELING OF CALCIUM SIGNALING FROM THE NANOSCALE TO MULTICELLULAR SYSTEMS.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), Physics (Arts and Sciences), 2006, Ohio University
► Calcium signaling is one of the most important signaling mechanisms controlling e.g.…
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▼ Calcium signaling is one of the most important signaling mechanisms controlling e.g. the contraction of muscle cells, the release of neurotransmitter from neurons and astrocytes, transcription inside the nucleus and metabolic processes in liver and pancreas [8, 44, 36]. Due to the general importance in cell biology, Ca 2+signals of a variety of forms have been the subject of much recent experimental research. A recent and particularly powerful approach towards the understanding of Ca 2+signaling is the combination of highly resolved fluorescent imaging methods and detailed mathematical modeling. Models for Ca 2+signaling are probably the most advanced and realistic modes in all areas of biological physics. Hence theoretical predictions are quantitative in nature and allow direct comparison with experiments. Ca 2+signaling patterns exhibit a hierarchical structure varying from single-channel release events (10's of nanometers) to Ca 2+waves sweeping over entire organs like the liver to globally orchestrate the efficient release of enzymes [48]. This multi-scale organization renders it an ideal tool for studying basic concepts of pattern formation, especially since access to the most important experimental parameters is given. The aim of this dissertation is to develop mathematical models that quantitatively describe the characteristics of elementary Ca 2+elements (called Ca 2+- puffs) on the nano-scale as well as the organization of global waves and oscillations on the cell and organ scale. We used oocytes, eggs and astrocytes as model cells for our theoretical studies. Particularly on the microscopic scale we report significant progress in modeling Ca 2+release events that are accurate in time course and spatial shape. Experimental investigations have revealed recently that Ca 2+signaling differentiates during the development of oocytes into mature eggs. The fertilization specific Ca 2+signal in mature eggs is characterized by a fast rise of intracellular Ca 2+and a slow decay on the time scale of minutes [46, 21]. The extended elevated Ca 2+signal during egg activation is important because it protects the egg against polyspermy that could cause death of the egg. The mechanism of Ca 2+signaling differentiation during oocyte maturation, however, is largely unknown and is a subject of current research. We utilize mathematical modeling in conjunction with parallel experimental investigations (Khaled Machaca) to generate hypotheses for the changes in the Ca 2+signaling machinery during oocyte maturation. Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, play an active role in processing information in the brain. These cells form small circuits that modulate dynamically neuronal synapses in their vicinity. In cell cultures it has been observed that the recruitment of astrocytes in circuits leads to coordinated Ca 2+oscillations. We use mathematical modeling to investigate the physiological conditions under which astrocytes can exhibit the observed organization of relative phases of their Ca 2+oscillations. The results suggest that intercellular Ca 2+waves are partially autocatalytic - a topic of current dispute.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jung, Peter.
Keywords: Calcium signaling; Astrocytes; Oocytes; Eggs; Fertilization calcium wave; Coordinated calcium oscillations; Antiphase calcium oscillations; Models for calcium signaling
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29.
Ulusoy, Necati.
Dynamic analysis of free piston Stirling engines.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Mechanical Engineering, 1994, Case Western Reserve University
► The dynamics of a free piston Stirling engine is investigated through non-linear…
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▼ The dynamics of a free piston Stirling engine is investigated through non-linear analysis and numerical simulations. The thermodynamics of the engine is coupled to the dynamics via either an isothermal or nonisothermal model. The influence of a nonlinear damper load, the nonlinear pressure loss across the heat exchangers and the nonlinear spring terms on the dynamics of the engine are examined. The nonlinear analysis of the isothermal model shows that both the nonlinear load and the nonlinear loss are sufficient to ensure a stable periodic motion of the piston and displacer and the amplitude of the piston and displacer displacements can be controlled using the coefficient of the nonlinear load term. While a nonlinear spring in general is capable of producing a limit cycle solution, the amplitude of the periodic motion is either too small or too sensitive to changes in the loading. All these analytical results are verified by numerical integration. The idea of the nonlinear load is examined further by coupling the dynamic model to an electrical model for a linear alternator. Analysis of a reduced order model reveals the existence of stable periodic solutions and numerical integrations of the full model are presented to verify the analysis. The amplitude of the piston and displacer motion can be controlled through the parameters associated with the electrical load. Finally, the effect of the temperature variation due to nonisothermal behavior of the working gas on the engine dynamics is investigated by numerical integration of the nonisothermal model. The results of these integrations show that the variation in the working gas temperature does not have a significant effect on the dynamics of the engine, therefore the isothermal assumption is appropriate for a qualitative dynamic analysis
Advisors/Committee Members: McCaughan, Frances E.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Free piston Stirling engine
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30.
Ulutas, Ufuk.
Uss-i Inkilab : an official narrative of the evolution of reforms in the Ottoman Empire.
Degree: Master of Arts, History, 2005, Ohio State University
► The steady decay and disintegration of the Ottoman Empire forced the Ottoman…
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▼ The steady decay and disintegration of the Ottoman Empire forced the Ottoman sultans and statesmen to take some precautions, which usually took the form of attempts at reform. The intellectuals of the period discussed the nature of these reforms and wrote extensively on the successes and failures of the attempts to implement them. Ahmed Midhat Efendi (1844-1912) published an extensive examination of these reforms in his quite understudied book Üss-i İnkilab (The Basis of Reform), published in 1294/1877-78. In two volumes, Ahmed Midhat discusses the reforms that the Ottoman Empire had implemented over more than a decade (1861-1877) during the reigns of Abdülaziz and Murad V and the beginning of Abdülhamid II's reign.The first volume discusses the events that took place during the period between the Crimean War and the enthronement of Abdülhamid II in 1876. It consists of two prologues, twelve chapters, and documentary appendices. The second volume examines extensively the first year of the rule of Abdülhamid II, giving special emphasis to the debates over the constitution and constitutional government. It consists of a prologue, three chapters and, documentary appendices.This paper argues that, after a coup against Abdülaziz was accomplished and Murad V was deposed because of mental problems, Abdülhamid wished to make sure that his rule would not be one of those fragile reigns that lasted only for a short period.To strengthen his position as a ruler in the eyes of the Ottoman bureaucrats and intellectuals of the period, he sought historical legitimization for his accession to power. To serve his purpose, nothing would be more effective than commissioning a court historian to write the official history of reforms, which "justifıes rather than criticizes" his rule.In Üss-i İnkılab, Ahmed Midhat attempts to demonstrate that Abdülaziz could not fully understand the essence of reforms, which is to give more freedom to the people, and failed to answer the demands of the Ottomans. Hence, Abdülaziz proved his incompetence to rule the empire. Ahmed Midhat further argues that Abdülhamid really wanted to implement radical reforms to increase the prosperity of his empire and was willing to offer justice and freedom to his people. Therefore, according to Ahmed Midhat, Abdülhamid, a freedom lover by birth, is a perfect fit for the empire.
Advisors/Committee Members: Findley, Carter V.
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