388 matches in the database.
These are records: 1 - 30.
[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] … [13]
1.
Vabbilisetty, Pratima.
Fabrication and Characterization of Substrate Materials for Trace Analytical Measurements by Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy Technique.
Degree: Master of Science in Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, 2008, Youngstown State University
► The detection of various compounds using Surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) from…
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▼ The detection of various compounds using Surface enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) from colloidal suspensions of silver and gold colloids has been attempted. Different substrates have been utilized and SERS spectra for R6G, creatinine, imidazole and benzoic acid have been evaluated as a function of time. SERS investigations have been performed using model compounds to allow comparison between the substrates. Different concentrations of R6G have been used for the valuation of the analytical capabilities. Silver and gold colloids have been prepared and used for SERS measurements and for the fabrication of substrates having a layer of immobilized metal nanoparticles.
Advisors/Committee Members: Simeonsson, Josef B.
Subjects: Analytical chemistry; Chemistry; Electromagnetism; Materials science
Keywords: SERS; Raman scattering; fabrication and characterization; substrate materials; trace analytical measurements
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2.
Vadakkan, Mary F.
SURVIVAL: CULTURE-SPECIFIC RESOURCES FOR ASIAN INDIAN ELDERS IN THE COMMUNITY.
Degree: Master of Gerontological Studies, Gerontology, 2005, Miami University
► This study used in-depth interviews with eight Asian Indian elders and six…
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▼ This study used in-depth interviews with eight Asian Indian elders and six Asian Indian community leaders to explore how immigrant Asian Indian elders were getting by. This community based study explored culture-specific material and instrumental needs and resources of early and late immigrant elders from the perspectives of elders and community organization leaders. There was a mismatch between what elders themselves would like to see in the community versus what the organization leaders thought was the best option for elders. Family and informal networks played an integral part in providing services such as cleaning, shopping, transportation, entertainment and housing. This paper also describes the implications for service providers due to the diversity prevalent within the Asian Indian community. The lack of culture-specific resources found, such as availability of ethnic food in provider facilities will prove to be a major barrier to access resources.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kunkel, Suzanne.
Subjects: Gerontology
Keywords: culture-specific resources; Asian Indian immigrant elders
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3.
Vadia, Jigar.
Planar Cable Direct Driven Robot: Hardware Implementation.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Mechanical Engineering (Engineering), 2003, Ohio University
► The planar cable-direct-driven-robot was designed, constructed, simulated and controlled in this thesis.…
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▼ The planar cable-direct-driven-robot was designed, constructed, simulated and controlled in this thesis. A new design of cross cable configuration was implemented. The kinematics, statics and dynamics modeling of the proposed design were derived. The static workspace was determined for the new design. Only the translational CDDR whose end-effector may be fitted with a traditional serial wrist mechanism to provide rotational freedom was considered in this thesis. The robot was simulated using Simulink and Matlab software. The hardware of the cable-direct-driven-robot was designed and constructed. The hardware was interfaced with the computer. Wincon software and Quanser control boards were used for real time implementation. The inverse kinematics of the robot was implemented for generating linear and circular trajectory in real time control. The independent cable length PD controller was implemented for the Cartesian coordinated control. The repeatability of the CDDR was evaluated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Williams, Robert II.
Keywords: Cable Robots; Wire Robots; 3-degree of Freedom Robots; End Effector
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4.
Vadlamani, Ananth Kalyan.
Performance Improvement Methods for Terrain Database Integrity Monitors and Terrain Referenced Navigation.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Computer Science (Engineering), 2004, Ohio University
► Terrain database integrity monitors and terrain-referenced navigation systems are based on performing…
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▼ Terrain database integrity monitors and terrain-referenced navigation systems are based on performing a comparison between stored terrain elevations with data from airborne sensors like radar altimeters, inertial measurement units, GPS receivers etc. This thesis introduces the concept of a spatial terrain database integrity monitor and discusses methods to improve its performance. Furthermore, this thesis discusses an improvement of the terrain-referenced aircraft position estimation for aircraft navigation using only the information from downward-looking sensors and terrain databases, and not the information from the inertial measurement unit. Vertical and horizontal failures of the terrain database are characterized. Time and frequency domain techniques such as the Kalman filter, the autocorrelation function and spectral estimation are designed to evaluate the performance of the proposed integrity monitor and position estimator performance using flight test data from Eagle/Vail, CO, Juneau, AK, Asheville, NC and Albany, OH.
Advisors/Committee Members: Ujit de Haag, Maarten.
Keywords: Terrain Database; Integrity Monitor; Terrain Referenced Navigation; Synthetic vision System
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5.
Vadlamani, Sirisha.
Study of 3'-Untranslated Region of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Identification of Other Targets of Gait Pathway.
Degree: Master of Science in Chemistry, College of Science, 2008, Cleveland State University
► Macrophages and other leukocytes play a vital role during inflammation. IFN-γ which…
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▼ Macrophages and other leukocytes play a vital role during inflammation. IFN-γ which is secreted by Th1 cells activates monocyte-macrophages and this activation leads to induction as well as suppression of certain genes expressed during inflammation. This suppression of genes may be potentially vital for resolution of inflammation. Upon IFN-γ stimulation, a Gamma-activated inhibitor of translation complex (GAIT) is formed, which binds to 3'-UTR of target mRNAs thereby silencing their translation. VEGF-A and ceruloplasmin are two proteins whose translation is suppressed by this pathway. The GAIT complex proteins have been identified as ribosomal protein L13a, glutamyl-prolyl tRNA synthatase (EPRS), NS-1 associated protein 1 (NSAP-1), and glyceraldehyde-3 phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) (Mazumder et al., 2003; Sampath et al., 2004). The cellular abundance of the proteins involved in GAIT complex formation is in excess of Cp or VEGF mRNA, so we hypothesize that there exists additional mRNAs that are subject to GAIT-mediated translational control. Hence further studies were done to investigate other possible targets of this pathway. A probable list of targets containing putative GAIT-like elements in 3'-UTR were obtained using pattern search, a bioinformatic approach (Ray and Fox, 2007). Among these targets, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was found to be of particular interest as nitric oxide which is produced by enzymatic activity of nitric oxide synthases, is central for the function of macrophages and also for early immune responses to invading microorganisms. Apart from iNOS, translational silencing of putative GAIT element bearing mRNAs of ADAM10, GLUT10, LITAF, GABA B receptor and mouse iNOS in their 3'-UTR was also investigated in IFN-γ treated monocytic cells which suggests that there might be additional targets of this pathway.
Advisors/Committee Members: Fox, Paul L.
Subjects: Cellular biology
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6.
Vadysirisack, Douangsone D.
Modulation of sodium iodide symporter expression and activity at post-translational levels.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Integrated Biomedical Science, 2007, Ohio State University
► Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake…
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▼ Sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is a membrane glycoprotein that mediates iodide uptake into thyroid and several extra-thyroidal tissues. NIS is the basis for the post-operative use of radioiodide in detection and targeted ablation of differentiated thyroid cancer. However, NIS expression/function is reduced or absent in advanced thyroid cancer. NIS functional expression in non-targeted tissues contributes to adverse effects of radioiodide therapy. Further studies of the regulatory mechanisms of NIS expression/function are important to maximize the efficacy of radioiodide therapy and to extend the utility of exogenous NIS as an imaging reporter gene. Nasolacrimal duct obstruction is a complication associated with radioiodide therapy. NIS protein was detected in the columnar epithelial cells of normal lacrimal sac, but absent in lacrimal sacs from I131-treated patients, suggesting that active radioiodide uptake mediated by NIS may be responsible for radiation-induced injury of the lacrimal sac following radioiodide therapy. The extent of radioiodide uptake can vary among different cell types expressing exogenous NIS. Exogenous NIS proteins were targeted to cell surface in cell lines expressing various levels of exogenous NIS. In addition, a moderate increased in NIS protein levels markedly increased radioiodide uptake. Further increases in cell surface NIS levels did not translate into further increases in radioiodide uptake beyond a certain range, suggesting that NIS is not the sole factor dictating the extent of radioiodide uptake. MEK inhibition increased NIS protein levels in thyroid cells, yet decreased radioiodide uptake in cells expressing either endogenous or exogenous NIS. The possible effects of MEK inhibition on cell surface NIS levels, NIS binding affinity for I-, and iodide efflux were excluded. MEK inhibition decreased NIS velocity of iodide transport without decreasing NIS cell surface levels, suggesting that MEK inhibition decreased NIS activity at post-translational level. In vivo phosphorylation sites in NIS were identified by mass spectrometry analysis. Site-directed mutagenesis indicates that phosphorylation status of S43 and S581 appears to modulate velocity of iodide transport of NIS, whereas phosphorylation status of T577 may be important for NIS protein stability. Taken together, NIS protein levels/functional activity can be modulated by phosphorylation through distinct mechanisms.
Advisors/Committee Members: Jhiang, Sissy M.
Subjects: Biology, Molecular
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7.
VAGEDES, KASEY M.
CHANGES IN DIET QUALITY AND BLOOD PRESSURE AMONG ADOLESCENTS WITH HYPERTENSION IN RESPONSE TO A DIETARY INTERVENTION EMPHASIZING FRUITS, VEGETABLES AND LOW-FAT DAIRY PRODUCTS.
Degree: MS, Allied Health Sciences : Nutrition, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► Purpose. To evaluate the post-treatment and short-term follow-up efficacy of a 3-month…
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▼ Purpose. To evaluate the post-treatment and short-term follow-up efficacy of a 3-month nutrition intervention emphasizing fruits, vegetables and dairy products for adolescents with hypertension and pre-hypertension initiated in a primary care setting and extended through telephone and mail contacts. Methods. 46 adolescents with hypertension or pre-hypertension were randomly assigned to either a multiple component nutrition intervention program (the DASH-4-Teens program, n=23) or a single session with a dietitian (usual care, n=23). Weight, height, dietary intake and blood pressure were assessed before treatment, after the 3-month treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Results. Completers of the DASH-4-Teens intervention had a significantly greater intake of fruits and related nutrients (potassium and magnesium), and lower intake of high sodium, high fat foods, and % of kcals from total fat and saturated fat compared to completers of the usual care intervention at post-treatment. There was a trend for completers of the DASH-4-Teens intervention to have a greater intake of low fat dairy products post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up compared to participants of the usual care intervention. DASH completers experienced a greater drop in systolic blood pressure at post-treatment than completers of the usual care intervention. Conclusion. A telephone and mail-based nutrition intervention emphasizing fruits, vegetables and low-fat dairy foods, initiated in primary care, resulted in significant improvements in diet quality and systolic blood pressure relative to nutrition care typically provided to adolescents with hypertension. This innovative and effective nutrition intervention approach could be a means of improving the cardiovascular health of hypertensive adolescents in the clinical setting.
Advisors/Committee Members: Couch, Sarah.
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8.
VAGHEESWAR, V. SATHYA.
DESIGN OF ALU AND DUAL PORT SRAM CELLS FOR IMPLEMENTATION IN RISC BASED PROCESSING ELEMENTS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Electrical Engineering, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► The importance and the need for photonic CMOS information processing systems has…
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▼ The importance and the need for photonic CMOS information processing systems has been well emphasized over the last decade due to the following advantages: massive parallelism/ high bandwidth communication cost of implementation of CMOS, reliability of the data that is transferred, reliability of the CMOS process. Previously, these photonic systems, also called “Smart Pixels” were available with the chips being designed and implemented as Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) rather than generically programmable microprocessors. The movement of data in a computer is unlike the movement of traffic in a city. The downtown which is the center of activity is the slowest with the speed increasing as we move away. In a computing system, the activity is the fastest near the core and it slows drastically as we move to the peripheral devices. The importance of optical interconnects are slowly getting the attention it needed as the current technology is not able to keep up with the insatiable need for high bandwidth communication of today and years to come. What is the point in getting the processors to perform in the tens of giga-hertz when the bus speeds are only in the hundreds of mega-hertz? The importance of optical interconnects comes into play at this juncture. Normally, the optical part gets into prominence as the medium of data transfer. In this research project, I am presenting the design of ALU and Dual port SRAM cells that formed part of a programmable architecture denoted CASPR-2 (Configurable Architecture for Smart Pixel Research) that fits into either ends of the optical medium, as processors of the transmitted optical signals.
Advisors/Committee Members: Beyette, Jr., Dr. Fred R.
Keywords: ALU; Dual port; SRAM; RISC; processing elements
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9.
Vaghefi, Negin Gitiban.
The role of innate immunity in protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Pathology, 2006, Ohio State University
► Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of lower…
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▼ Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral cause of lower respiratory tract disease in infants and children. The incidence of RSV infection worldwide is high among infants, children, immunosuppressed adults, and the elderly. Despite the fact that nearly all individuals are infected by the age of two, complete immunological protection is never attained and re-infections are common throughout life. Currently, there is no licensed vaccine or effective therapy against RSV, and vaccine development has been hampered by the legacy of enhanced lung disease observed during trials of a formalin-inactivated, alum precipitated whole virus RSV (FIRSV) formulation. Other obstacles in designing an effective vaccine against RSV include its weak immunogenicity and the ability of viral proteins to induce an allergic-type memory response. Since the upper respiratory tract is never effectively protected against RSV infection, of particular need are vaccines that induce a sterilizing mucosal immune response. The experiments detailed herein demonstrate poor stimulation of innate defenses following RSV infection and test the hypothesis that the inability to induce a robust innate response following RSV infection hinders the development of a protective adaptive immune response against this virus and may therefore contribute to the high frequency of re-infections throughout life.
Advisors/Committee Members: Durbin, Joan E.
Subjects: Health Sciences, Immunology
Keywords: Interferon; Respiratory; Vaccine; Recombinant
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10.
Vahile, Sachin D.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photochemical Study of Potentially Emitting Tetrazine Derivatives.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Chemistry, 2009, Bowling Green State University
► Tetrazines are aromatic compounds that consist of a six membered ring containing…
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▼ Tetrazines are aromatic compounds that consist of a six membered ring containing four nitrogens. They are not as much explored as light emitting materials as compared to other common organic compounds. Still they are likely to be important for as substrates for HEDM (High Energy Density Materials), sensors (for anions), important chromophoric materials (absorption and emission wavelengths in distinct regions), fluorescent probes (gives color to an organic compound) and possible day to day standard and useful organic molecular reference in photo physical studies. Much research still needs to be done on tetrazines in order to understand comparisons with the benzene ring with regard to reactivity, electron affinity, and photooptical properties as well as reaction mechanisms, as well as different types of reactions. A series of tetrazine derivatives with varying substitution patterns were successfully synthesized, characterized and preliminary photochemical studies were performed using them. Special quantitative 13C NMR techniques were employed in characterizing these compounds. Their emission wavelengths were found to be independent of the excitation wavelength. Longer singlet excited state life times of monosubstituted tetrazines were obtained which may be due to the formation of an intramolecular charge transfer state. A study of solvent effect based on polarity on these life times would be interesting to characterize the nature and stability of the formed charge transfer state.
Advisors/Committee Members: Anzenbacher, Pavel.
Subjects: Organic chemistry
Keywords: Tetrazines, Photochemistry, Substitution
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11.
Vaidyanathan, Aarthy.
AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HELICAL GEAR EFFICIENCY.
Degree: Master of Science, Mechanical Engineering, 2009, Ohio State University
► In this study, a test methodology for measuring load-dependent (mechanical) and load-independent…
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▼ In this study, a test methodology for measuring load-dependent (mechanical) and load-independent power losses of helical gear pairs is developed. A high-speed four-square type test machine is adapted for this purpose. Several sets of helical gears having varying module, pressure angle and helix angle are procured, and their power losses under jet-lubricated conditions are measured at various speed and torque levels. The experimental results are compared to a helical gear mechanical power loss model from a companion study to assess the accuracy of the power loss predictions. The validated model is then used to perform parameter sensitivity studies to quantify the impact of various key gear design parameters on mechanical power losses and to demonstrate the trade off that must take place to arrive at a gear design that is balanced in all essential aspects including noise, durability (bending and contact) and power loss.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kahraman, Ahmet.
Subjects: Mechanical engineering
Keywords: Helical; gear; efficiency; gear design parameters
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12.
VAIDYANATHAN, GAYATHRI.
MODELING AND SIMULATION OF A CYCLIC DIGITAL-TO-ANALOG CONVERTER USING VHDL-AMS.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Computer Engineering, 2006, University of Cincinnati
► As is well known, the transistor density is ever increasing and so…
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▼ As is well known, the transistor density is ever increasing and so is the demand for wireless devices. Thus, one of the booming areas in the field of integrated circuit design is Systems-on-Chip (SOC) design. SOCs are becoming highly complex, and have digital, mixed-signal, and analog components to satisfy the growing demands of communication applications. As mentioned above, digital circuits may be modeled using VHDL, and the procedure for defining digital model in VHDL is well known. But there is not a well defined method for modeling mixed-signal systems. The modeling of analog and mixed signal components in a top-down methodology is an intensive task and hence, effective modeling of these components can drastically decrease the time taken for design and verification of the complex SOCs. This, in turn will decrease the time-to-market. In this thesis, we propose a top-down design methodology to model a cyclic digital-toanalog converter (DAC). We have chosen the cyclic DAC because of the low-power alternatives and compactness in terms of circuit when compared to other DAC architectures. We have shown how the top-down design methodology can reduce the simulation time of the mixed-signal system at the top-level of abstraction without compensating much on accuracy of the model. The DAC is modeled and simulated at various levels of abstraction and fidelity, using VHDL-AMS. This generic DAC can be used to model a range of inputs that are specified by the user, and which conforms to the desired system specifications.
Advisors/Committee Members: Carter, Dr. Harold W.
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13.
VAIDYANATHAN, KARTHIKEYAN.
HIGH PERFORMANCE AND SCALABLE SOFT SHARED STATE FOR NEXT-GENERATION DATACENTERS.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Computer and Information Science, 2008, Ohio State University
► In the past decade, with the increasing adoption of Internet as the…
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▼ In the past decade, with the increasing adoption of Internet as the primary means of electronic interaction and communication, web-based datacenters have become a central requirement for providing online services. Today, several applications and services have been deployed in such datacenters in a variety of environments including e-commerce, medical informatics, genomics, etc. Most of these applications and services share significant state information that are critical for the efficient functioning of the datacenter. However, existing mechanisms for sharing the state information are both inefficient in terms of performance and scalability, and non-resilient to loaded conditions in the datacenter. In addition, existing mechanisms do not take complete advantage of the features of emerging technologies which are gaining momentum in current datacenters. This dissertation presents an efficient soft state sharing substrate that leverages the features of emerging technologies such as high-speed networks, Intel's I/OAT and multicore architectures to address the limitations mentioned above. Specifically, the dissertation targets three important aspects: (i) designing efficient state sharing components using the features of emerging technologies, (ii) understanding the interactions between the proposed components and (iii) analyzing the impact of the proposed components and their interactions with datacenter applications and services in terms of performance, scalability and resiliency. Our evaluations with the soft state sharing substrate not only show an order of magnitude performance improvement over traditional implementations but also demonstrate the resiliency to loaded conditions in the datacenter. Evaluations with several datacenter applications also suggest that the substrate is scalable and has a low-overhead. The proposed substrate is portable across multiple modern interconnects such as InfiniBand, iWARP-capable networks like 10-Gigabit Ethernet both in LAN and WAN environments. In addition, our designs provide advanced capabilities such as one-sided communication, asynchronous memory copy operations, etc., even on systems without high-speed networks and I/OAT. Thus, our proposed designs, optimizations and evaluations demonstrate that the substrate is quite promising in tackling the state sharing issues with current and next-generation datacenters.
Advisors/Committee Members: Panda, Dhabaleswar K.
Subjects: Computer science
Keywords: Shared state; datacenter; RDMA; high performance networks; I/OAT; multicore-aware state sharing
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14.
Vaidyanathan, Vandana T.
Looking beyond the adoption decision in innovation research: investigating innovation implementation.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Psychology, 2004, Ohio State University
► Researchers have long been calling for an increased focus on a process-oriented…
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▼ Researchers have long been calling for an increased focus on a process-oriented approach to understanding the implementation of innovations. This research builds upon a framework of implementation originally proposed by Klein and Sorra in 1996, and empirically tests an enhanced model of antecedents and consequences of innovation implementation. Specifically, climate for implementation, compatibility, and project slack were hypothesized to be related to implementation effectiveness. Implementation effectiveness was hypothesized to be related to innovation effectiveness, or the consequences to the organization. Reinvention (the degree to which the innovation has been modified) was expected to moderate this relationship. The perceived need to maintain fidelity to the original innovation was expected to moderate the relationship between extent of reinvention and innovation effectiveness. The data for this study consists of data gathered from key informants in fifty mental health agencies in Ohio using surveys and interviews. Climate for implementation, compatibility, and project slack were each significantly related to implementation effectiveness. Interestingly, climate for implementation explained the most variance in implementation effectiveness. Implementation effectiveness was related to innovation effectiveness, but this relationship was not moderated by extent of reinvention. Reinvention was negatively related to innovation effectiveness, and this relationship was moderated by the perceived need to maintain fidelity to the original innovation model. Overall, implementation effectiveness mediated the effect of compatibility and project slack, respectively, on innovation effectiveness. Implementation effectiveness, however, did not mediate the influence of Climate for implementation on innovation effectiveness. This research makes a number of contributions to the innovation literature. Implications for theory development and application are discussed.
Advisors/Committee Members: Billings, Robert.
Keywords: Innovation implementation; Climate for implementation; Diffusion of innovations; Organizational innovation; Innovation in health care; Innovation adoption
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15.
Vaidyanathan, Veena.
A Metamodeling Approach to Merging Data Warehouse Conceptual Schemas.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Computer Science, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► A database can be defined as a centralized repository that allows a…
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▼ A database can be defined as a centralized repository that allows a non-redundant, unified representation of relevant data. This unified representation can be achieved using methodologies to integrate data across different applications. Schema integration is the activity of defining an integrated view of relevant data for different applications. Typically, schemas are represented using different conceptual models. A conceptual model is a graphical representation format that can be used to capture user requirements in a schema. Proposed conceptual models may have different diagrammatic conventions to represent objects that make automated processing difficult. Therefore, there is a need for a common model of representation. A metamodeling approach such as a multilevel dictionary [ACB05] represents schema constructs in a general way. It allows schemas represented in one model to be transformed automatically to another model, provided that (1) a mapping from the source to a metamodel and (2) from the metamodel to a target model exist. This approach reduces the need to have individual custom translators from one model to every other model in order to have schema interoperability. In this work, we propose to leverage an existing metamodel designed for the StarER conceptual model [TBC99] to represent other conceptual data warehouse models such as ME/R [SBHD99] and DFM [GMR98] by providing mappings from their constructs to metamodel constructs. By doing so, we can represent many different schemas in the same repository in a uniform fashion, regardless of their source model. We propose to merge these schemas so that they can be used as a universal combined interface for posing and evaluating queries over multiple data sources. We assume that the terminology and naming conflicts have been resolved during the extract and transform phase of constructing an operational data store. We propose to develop operators to perform merging over these terminology-conformed multidimensional schemas. We investigate two different merge operators, an overlap operator [GMR98] and a modified union operator, and develop algorithms to perform these operations over the metamodel. The approach is validated with examples from the literature.
Advisors/Committee Members: Davis, Dr. Karen C.
Subjects: Computer science
Keywords: data warehouse; multidimensional modeling; conceptual schemas
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16.
Vaidya, Priyanka S.
Artificial Intelligence Approach to Breast Cancer Classification.
Degree: Master of Science in Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, 2009, University of Akron
► Breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer amongst females…
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▼ Breast cancer is the second most common form of cancer amongst females and also the fifth most cause of cancer deaths worldwide. In case of this particular type of malignancy, early detection is the best form of cure and hence timely and accurate diagnosis of the tumor is extremely vital. Extensive research has been carried out on automating the critical diagnosis procedure as various machine learning algorithms and software tools have been deployed to aid physicians in optimizing the decision task effectively. In this research, we present a novel matrix of an artificial neural network system to effectively classify breast cancer tumors as either malignant or benign. This classification system makes use of both clinical as well as genetic data. Artificial neural networks of different architectures are incorporated in the system to classify both the image based clinical dataset as well as the microarray dataset derived from blood cells. Both the datasets are subjected to individual analysis to compute the optimum number of input features to the neural network matrix. Randomly selected sample instances from both the clinical and microarray original datasets then serve as an input to the Dempster-Shafer theory of evidence block where the outputs are fused to provide a final diagnostic assessment and compared with the neural network analysis. The results indicate that the fused output of the Dempster-Shafer block significantly outperform the individual classifier��™s outputs.
Advisors/Committee Members: Duan, Zhong-Hui.
Subjects: Bioinformatics; Biomedical research
Keywords: Neural networks; Breast Cancer
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17.
VAIDYA, VINAYAK S.
COUPLED OXYGEN TRANSPORT ANALYSIS IN THE AVASCULAR WALL OF A CORONARY ARTERY STENOSIS DURING ANGIOPLASTY.
Degree: MS, Engineering : Mechanical Engineering, 2005, University of Cincinnati
► The coupled oxygen transport in the avascular wall of a coronary artery…
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▼ The coupled oxygen transport in the avascular wall of a coronary artery is studied by numerically solving the convection-diffusion equations. Initially, the analysis is in an unstenosed artery. Further, the geometry is modified to replicate residual stenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (post-PTCA). The analysis is also done for pre-PTCA stenosis geometry and the results are compared with those for post-PTCA stenosis. Important physiological aspects, such as oxygen consumption in the wall, oxygen carried by the hemoglobin, non-Newtonian viscosity of the blood, and supply of oxygen from the vasa vasorum are included. Mean blood flow rate in the lumen is varied from basal to hyperemic conditions. The results show that the Po2 in the medial region of the arterial wall is ~10 mmHg. The oxygen flux to the wall increases in the flow acceleration region, whereas it decreases at the flow reattachment zone. Near the location of flow separation there is a small rise and a sharp fall in the oxygen flux. The minimum Po2 in the avascular wall, Po2,min, at the point of flow reattachment decreases to ~6 mmHg for a 300 micron wall thickness. For a thinner wall of 200 micron, the Po2,min at the location of flow reattachment increases to 6 times that of a 300 micron wall. The Po2,min in the wall decreases by 60% when volumetric oxygen consumption rate is increased by 30% for the same avascular wall thickness. The drop in the oxygen flux at the location of flow reattachment for pre-PTCA stenosis is 4 times that of post-PTCA stenosis. The drop in Po2 along lumen-endothelium interface, Po2,w, at the location of flow reattachment for pre-PTCA stenosis is 2 times that of post-PTCA stenosis.
Advisors/Committee Members: Banerjee, Dr. Rupak K.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: coronary artery, oxygen transport, avascular wall,coronary angioplasty, blood
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18.
Vaillancourt, Guylaine.
Mentoring Apprentice Music Therapists for Peace and Social Justice through Community Music Therapy: An Arts-Based Study.
Degree: Ph.D., Leadership and Change, 2009, Antioch University
► Community music therapy (CoMT) is a creative approach that liberates expressions, giving…
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▼ Community music therapy (CoMT) is a creative approach that liberates expressions, giving voice to groups of individuals of all age, status, and race who contribute, in their own way, to build a better society. In this dissertation, I intend to reveal some of the critical themes in the experiences and relationships that apprentice music therapists have with community music therapy, peace, social justice, leadership, and mentorship. Individual interviews were conducted with apprentice music therapists who participated in a co-researchers’ group experience using arts-based research (ABR) and participatory action research (PAR). Principles and foundations for a future model of practice in CoMT for peace and social justice emerged through ABR and phenomenology. This document contains embedded graphic files (JPG) and is accompanied by audio files (MP3). The electronic version of the dissertation is accessible at the OhioLINK ETD center http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kenny, Carolyn.
Subjects: Music; Psychology; Sociology; Therapy
Keywords: community music therapy; peace; social justice; arts-based research; mentoring; phenomenology; participatory action research; apprenticeship; leadership
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19.
Vaillette, Nathan.
Logical specification of finite-state transductions for natural language processing.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Linguistics, 2004, Ohio State University
► This thesis is concerned with the use of a logical language for…
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▼ This thesis is concerned with the use of a logical language for specifying mappings between strings of symbols; specifically, the regular relations, those which can be computed by finite-state transducers. Because of their efficiency and flexibility, regular relations and finite-state transducers are widely used in Natural Language Processing (NLP) for tasks such as grapheme-to-phoneme conversion, morphological analysis and generation, and shallow syntactic parsing. By exploiting logical representations for finite-state transductions, the technique advocated in this thesis combines efficient processing with the advantages of declarative specification, thus taking a step in the direction of providing finite-state NLP with the best of both worlds. Previous work has demonstrated how all sets of strings recognized by finite-state automata can be described in monadic second-order logic. A formula of this logic describing a set can be automatically compiled into the finite-state automaton recognizing that set. This technique unfortunately does not carry over to relations on strings without further restrictions, since the class of regular relations lacks certain crucial closure properties. In this thesis we introduce the logical language MSO(SLR), a language for same-length relations, a proper subset of the regular relations which has the necessary closure properties. We discuss how a formula of MSO(SLR) describing a relation can be automatically compiled into the finite-state transducer implementing that relation. Although there are many regular relations which MSO(SLR) cannot describe directly, we show how MSO(SLR) can characterize such relations indirectly by describing aligned representations of them. To demonstrate the usefulness of MSO(SLR), we use it to define the finite-state conditional replace operator A -> B / C _ D in a declarative fashion. We argue that this approach improves on previous definitions in terms of clarity, maintainability, extensibility, and formal verifiability. We justify these claims by discussing several extensions and variations of the operator and providing rigorous proofs of correctness for our definitions. A further demonstration of MSO(SLR)'s usefulness is given in the form of definitions of the rule formalisms used in two-level morphology. As with the replace operator definition, our declarative definitions give us a compiler automatically and make extensions and formal verification easy.
Advisors/Committee Members: Brew, Chris.
Keywords: Natural Language Processing; linguistics; finite-state transducer; monadic second-order logic; regular relation; same-length relation; replace operator; two-level morphology
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21.
VAITEKUNAS, JEFFREY J.
ULTRASONIC SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS: A MULTI-VARIATE STUDY FOR CUTTING-RATE EFFECTS.
Degree: PhD, Engineering : Engineering Mechanics, 2003, University of Cincinnati
► In spite of the proven efficacy and safety of ultrasonic surgical systems,…
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▼ In spite of the proven efficacy and safety of ultrasonic surgical systems, the mechanisms for cutting and coagulation are not well understood. Preferred operating parameters and ranges should be used if clinical benefit can be shown. Therefore this research was designed to determine whether frequency, normal force, velocity and blade shape affect the cut-rate of an ultrasonic surgical instrument. Test velocities covered the range available from current ultrasonic surgical systems. Three values for normal force were selected based on previous testing. A low value corresponded to a "light" touch typically applied in fine dissection between tissue planes, and a heavy value typically used in skin incisions such as a laparotomy. Two specimens were chosen for evaluation: wax and liver. The basic behaviors of the observed cut-rates obtained at 55.5 kHz with a 2.1 mm diameter round blade were similar for wax and liver. Using analysis of variance (ANOVA), normal force, ultrasonic velocity and their first order interaction are shown to significantly affect cut-rate up to 5 N in wax and 2.5 N in liver. In wax, cut-rate is shown to be independent of frequency, and in liver the data indicate that cut-rate is independent of frequency, but are not sufficient to draw a statistical conclusion. In liver above a threshold, cut-rate increases significantly and depends on blade shape. A model for wax cutting was developed based on melting and removal of wax. Several assumptions were made and two parameters were determined by a regression. Still, the model predictions were accurate for the data on which the regression was performed. The model also predicts with reasonable accuracy the behavior observed at other frequencies for other blade shapes. The model can certainly be improved by more rigorous development; nonetheless, it does demonstrate the basic mechanisms involved in wax cutting. The results from the liver experiments and data analysis suggest that much more work is needed to accurately determine the underlying mechanisms of complex behavior of cutting tissue. The outcome of this research on liver cutting is the identification of promising directions for future research.
Advisors/Committee Members: GROOD, DR. EDWARD S.
Keywords: ultrasound; surgery; medical device; tissue cutting; Langevin stack
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23.
Vaitkus, Victor L.
A Process for the Direct Hot Extrusion of Hollow Copper Profiles.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Mechanical Engineering (Engineering and Technology), 2008, Ohio University
► The purpose of this work was to produce copper micro-channel tubing with…
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▼ The purpose of this work was to produce copper micro-channel tubing with a uniquely designed lab apparatus. A multi-billet extrusion process was developed using a 250 kN MTS machine and tooling made from superalloys. Elevated friction ring and compression tests were conducted to evaluate the flow stress of UNS C10100 99.99% copper and estimate friction during extrusion conditions. A shear die and shaped die were designed to investigate their performance. Billets were simultaneously extruded forming a single piece of copper micro-channel tubing. Subsequent metallography was conducted to investigate the quality of solid-state welds inherent in the interior walls of the micro-channel tubing. An analytical process model using experimental parameters was developed and validated.
Advisors/Committee Members: Kraft, Frank F.
Subjects: Engineering; Mechanical engineering; Metallurgy
Keywords: extrusion; copper extrusion; multi billet; micro channel tubing; hollow profiles; copper flow stress
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24.
Vakada, Krishna Chaitanya.
USE OF ADVANCED MATERIAL MODELING TECHNIQUES IN LARGE-SCALE SIMULATIONS FOR HIGHLY DEFORMABLE STRUCTURES.
Degree: Master of Science, Civil Engineering, 2005, University of Akron
► Recently advanced material models are becoming increasingly important for realistic engineering analyses.…
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▼ Recently advanced material models are becoming increasingly important for realistic engineering analyses. This is particularly true for flexible structures undergoing intense elastic and inelastic deformations; for example, combined large rotations and finite stretches, high strain gradients leading to localized failure modes due to damages, and in cases accounting for inherent (initial) and deformation-induced anisotropies such as large deformations of soft biological tissues. The part that has been mostly studied by researchers is the involved mathematical developments and physical relevancy of models in capturing a host of experimentally-observed phenomenon of the material response. In contrast, a rather limited amount of studies have been performed aiming at gaining insight and experiences in implementing and using these new generations of sophisticated models in Finite Element (FE) large scale commercial codes(such as ABAQUS, ANSYS, MARC, LSDYNA). Noting the lengthy time gap before such models are adapted in commercial codes the engineering users are left with an urgent need for actually implementing and independently using these routines. This task is certainly not trivial, particularly in view of several conflicting conclusions that were reached in the contemporary literature on the success or otherwise of these implementations. The main objective of the present study is to assess the performance of three different classes of advanced material models, in the context of large-scale FE computations; i.e., a model class for large-strain inelastic behavior of elastomers(Thermoplastic Vulcanizates); a highly anisotropic model for soft biological tissues and a material model capturing softening for damage/failure mode localization studies. To this end, and considering the complexity of large deformations the very marked differences in the response character of these material models there are three important considerations in the overall settings for the algorithmic developments, implementations and utilizations of the targeted FE commercial code: (a) an implicit scheme is needed for ability to handle both stiffening and softening structures, since for stiffening structures, a prior knowledge to estimate the size of a stable time is lacking (it varies with deformations); (b) a carefully designed user material routines are needed to bypass the many restrictions and assumptions implied in the provided kinematical quantities communicated by the main FE code (e.g.“small” neutralized rotation, elastic strain and shears) which are often parts of “native” FE codes material model library, and (c) for simulation of softening behavior models must include proper “internal length scales” to render the results that are objective with mesh refinements, without any radical changes necessitated by the non conventional approaches proposed in the recent literature such as gradient damage /plasticity, non local continua, Cosseratts’s continua etc. all of which are outside the scope of any of the presently available commercial FE codes. All results obtained in this study utilized standard ABAQUS FE program and it’s associated UMATS. They indicate very positive experiences in that all the different models considered can be employed successfully with large meshes and favorable convergence properties. This renders the realistic analysis even in the presence of extensive anisotropy, large finite inelastic stretches and very complex modes of failure in softening structures.
Advisors/Committee Members: Saleeb, Atef.
Subjects: Engineering, Civil
Keywords: Elastomers,Tissues,Localization,Anisotropy, ABAQUS
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25.
Vakalis, Ioannis.
Kinematic and dynamic modeling of interacting many-body systems, with applications to robotics.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Systems and Control Engineering, 1990, Case Western Reserve University
► This dissertation studies the problem modeling a system of interacting rigid bodies,…
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▼ This dissertation studies the problem modeling a system of interacting rigid bodies, with applications to robotics. The investigation is particularly focused on the interaction between rigid bodies in contact, but the dynamic modeling framework which is developed can also include rigid bodies which are interacting through other constraints, e.g. with hard joints. In general, a system of interacting rigid bodies will include kinds of interaction constraints, contact and joints. The main assumption in this development, is that only point contact is allowed between the rigid bodies. There is a number of issues regarding the kinematics and dynamics of contact which are examined for the first time in this work. Initially, we investigate criteria for the possibility of contact between two rigid bodies based on the curvature of surfaces. From this analysis the configuration space of a rigid body, constrained to move on a stationary surface, is characterized. Next, a generalization of a rolling constraint is obtained, and the motion is described on the constrained configuration space. This construction is extended to the case that both the object and the surface are moving. Finally, a general framework for the modeling of a system of interacting rigid bodies is given. This is done by restricting the dynamics of each body on the appropriate constrained configuration space due to the interaction with the other rigid bodies. For this purpose, the geometric form of Newton's and Euler's equations is used. The applied forces and torques on each body are interpreted as geometric quantities, and their effect on the dynamics of the system varies depending on their labelling as applied, constraint or frictional forces and torques.
Advisors/Committee Members: Loparo, Kenneth A.
Keywords: Kinematic dynamic interacting robotics
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26.
VALA, BHOOMI.
Proposal of Alternate Route to Mount Auburn Tunnel in Cincinnati by Light Rail.
Degree: MCP, Design, Architecture, Art and Planning : Community Planning, 2008, University of Cincinnati
► In November 1993, the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Council of Governments (OKI) proposed light rail…
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▼ In November 1993, the Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Council of Governments (OKI) proposed light rail in Cincinnati along the six corridors namely I-71, I – 75, Westside alignment along I – 74, Eastside alignment, I – 471, and Crosstown route. Of the six corridors the I-71light rail corridor was identified as the highest priority transportation corridor and was planned to connect Florence in Kentucky to Kings Mill in Cincinnati, Ohio. The starter segment of the I-71 light rail corridor was planned to connect the Downtown Covington in Kentucky to Blue Ash in Cincinnati. As the Downtown of Cincinnati and the University of Cincinnati in Uptown are the major employment centers of Cincinnati, the connection of Uptown to Downtown was planned as a part of the I-71 Corridor light rail. A Mount Auburn Tunnel passing under the Mount Auburn neighborhood of Cincinnati was proposed to connect the two employment centers. Due to the high cost and the uncertainties of digging a tunnel, the proposal was rejected by the voters of Cincinnati in 2002. The project of the I-71 Corridor was thus brought to a stand still. My thesis proposes alternative routes to the Mount Auburn Tunnel that connects the Uptown and the Downtown of Cincinnati as a part of the I-71 light rail corridor. Over the series of chapters you will read how various alternatives were selected that could serve the connection to the uptown and the downtown areas of Cincinnati by light rail and how they were analyzed to propose a routes that will serve as an alternative to the Mount Auburn Tunnel. The document is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter of ‘Introduction’ that gives the readers the knowledge of the thesis topic, the problem statement, and the limitations of the study. The second chapter of ‘Methodology’ explains the readers the methodology that was adopted to find an alternate route to the existing Mount Auburn Tunnel. This chapter also tells the readers how various maps were prepared for the analysis of the alternative routes. The third chapter of ‘Study Area’ gives the knowledge of the Uptown and the Downtown areas of Cincinnati where the new alignment is to be planned. The fourth chapter of ‘Literature Review’ gives the overview of the light rail in the cities of San Diego and Portland. In the fifth chapter of ‘Criteria for Deciding the Route of the Light Rail’ talks about the various factors that are important for the planning of the light rail. These factors are derived from the literature review of San Diego and Portland, and the interviews conducted by me. The factors described in this chapter thus help to derive the Primary Criteria, Secondary Criteria and the Unique Criterion for the planning of the light rail in Cincinnati. this chapter builds a strong base for the analysis of the routes that are described in Chapter 6 of ‘Assessment of Alternate Routes’ where each alternative route is discussed in detail for the primary criteria and the secondary criteria. In the final Chapter 7 of ‘Comparison of Alternate Routes’, the final route is decided that can connect the Uptown and the Downtown areas of Cincinnati by light rail.
Advisors/Committee Members: Wang, Dr. Xinhao.
Keywords: Light Rail, Cincinnati, Transportation Planning
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27.
Valasik, Molly Lane.
An Examination of Collector Bias and Ohio Paleoindian Projectile Point Distributions.
Degree: MA, College of Arts and Sciences / Department of Anthropology, 2009, Kent State University
► This thesis is concerned with examining the variables that affect the spatial…
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▼ This thesis is concerned with examining the variables that affect the spatial distribution of Paleoindian fluted points in Ohio. The study sample is assembled from the Ohio Archaeological Inventory (OAI) which includes the work of professional archaeologists involved in cultural resource management projects (CRM), regional preservation office surveys (RPO), and university and museum research. In order to interpret real patterns of Paleoindian behavior, the overarching goal, two studies were necessary. The first study examines the effects of modern biases on the fluted point distribution by using Kendall’s Tau, a nonparametric statistical test. The second study utilizes Geographic Information Sciences (GIS) to assess cultural patterning at the 1) state or regional level and 2) the local catchment level composition regarding the environmental resources proximal to each fluted point find.
Advisors/Committee Members: Seeman, Mark F.
Subjects: Archaeology
Keywords: Paleoindian, Fluted Points, GIS
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28.
Valavala, Pavan Kumar.
Uniaxial Tensile and Creep Behavior of Omnisil Membranes in Membrane Based Wet Electrostatic Precipitator.
Degree: Master of Science (MS), Mechanical Engineering (Engineering), 2005, Ohio University
► ElectroStatic Precipitators (ESP) are widely used in coal fired power plants for…
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▼ ElectroStatic Precipitators (ESP) are widely used in coal fired power plants for control of particulate matter and other toxic gases. Traditionally, ESP’s used metal plates as collecting surfaces for capture of particles in flue gas. However, back corona and re-entrainment of particles into flue gases hinder with the performance of ESP in collection of fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Metal plate ESP’s also suffer from problems due to corrosion. Researchers at Ohio University developed a patented wet membrane based ESP to overcomes these difficulties. Wet membrane based ESP replaces the metal collecting surfaces with woven fabrics. Omnisil 1000, a silica fabric (98.5% silica), is found to be suitable for this application. The replacement of metal collecting plates with fabric requires application of tensile loads on the fabric during operation of ESP. A study of tensile and creep behavior is presented. A test facility for uniaxial tension and creep testing of Omnisil fabric is developed. The uniaxial tensile behavior of the fabric is typical to plain woven fabrics and the failure strength bears a linear relation to fabric width. The creep elongation of the fabric is negligible in the experimental conditions.
Advisors/Committee Members: Bayless, David J.
Subjects: Engineering, Mechanical
Keywords: Membrane Electrostatic Prespitator (ESP); Fabric Creep; Woven Fabric Tensile Behavior; Accelerated Creep Test; Performance Wet ESP
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29.
Valdez-Balderas, Daniel.
Models for inhomogeneities and thermal fluctuations in two-dimensional superconductors.
Degree: Doctor of Philosophy, Physics, 2007, Ohio State University
► We discuss various models for inhomogeneities and thermal fluctuations in two-dimensional (2D)…
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▼ We discuss various models for inhomogeneities and thermal fluctuations in two-dimensional (2D) superconductors. First, we present Monte Carlo simulations of a 2D site-diluted XY model, in which the XY spins are mobile, and also experience a repulsive interaction. Depending on the strength and range of the repulsion, the spin concentration, and the temperature, spins arrange themselves into a variety of patterns. We study the ways in which those patterns affect the superfluid density of the system. Second, we present a method to study the effects of inhomogeneity, temperature, and magnetic field on electronic properties of a model 2D superconductor. This method involves a combination of a microscopic d-wave Hamiltonian of the BCS type with Monte Carlo simulations of a Ginzburg-Landau free energy functional. We assume two types of superconducting regions: alpha, with a small gap and large superfluid density, and beta, with the opposite. In the zero-field, low-temperature case, we find that quenched disorder is crucial in obtaining low and broad peaks on the local density of states (LDOS) spectra on beta regions, similar to those observed in experiments. At finite temperatures, sharp coherence peaks that exist in the LDOS of alpha regions below the phase ordering temperature Tc disappear above Tc, although a gap persists in a certain temperature range. At low temperatures, the spectral function exhibits a double peak as a function of energy at certain wave vectors if the areal fraction of beta regions is around 0.5 and if the difference between the gap in the alpha and beta regions is large; a double peak similar to it has been reported in underdoped cuprates. Furthermore, peaks that are sharp at zero temperature become reduced in height, broadened, and shifted toward lower energies with increasing temperature. For systems in a magnetic field at low temperatures, we find that beta regions tend to pin vortices The LDOS far from vortex cores shows sharp coherence peaks, while near the cores it shows a large gap, as well as low and broad peaks at energies above the superconducting gap, consistent with experiment.
Advisors/Committee Members: Stroud, David G.
Subjects: Physics, Condensed Matter
Keywords: superconductivity inhomogeneity cuprate high temperature Ginzburg Landau thermal fluctuations superconductor
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30.
VALE, JAMES MICHAEL.
MODIFICATION OF CALCIUM ALGINATE MEMBRANES WITH MONTMORILLONITE CLAY TO ALTER THE DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT.
Degree: MS, Arts and Sciences : Chemistry, 2004, University of Cincinnati
► The purpose of this study was to decrease chemical permeation of model…
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▼ The purpose of this study was to decrease chemical permeation of model compounds through calcium alginate film by adding small amounts of Montmorillonite (MMT) clay. In order to ensure maximum effectiveness of the clay it is crucial for MMT to be sufficiently exfoliated. During exfoliation MMT platelets are separated, thus increasing surface area improving dispersion within the calcium alginate matrix. The extent of exfoliation was verified by Light scattering particle-sizing and X-ray diffraction. Sodium alginate polymer solutions were blended with 0 to10% pre-exfoliated MMT on a dry weight basis to investigate the effect MMT has on alginate permeability. The polymer blends were cast into thin films and dried. The sodium alginate films were crosslinked with calcium chloride solution forming the water insoluble calcium alginate. The MMT impregnated calcium alginate films were subjected to permeation study to determine model chemical permeation. A Hanson Research diffusion cell was used to study the model permeation of a chemical across the calcium alginate membranes. Ultraviolet (UV) absorbance was used to determine the concentration of the model chemical that crossed the alginate membrane. Benzaldehyde was used for the model chemical due to its high UV absorbance and favorable oil to water partition coefficient. Accumulated benzaldehyde concentrations were then used to calculate diffusion coefficients for benzaldehyde within each film. The results indicate exfoliated MMT addition decreased the permeability of calcium alginate polymer membranes. The data show that addition of 0.5% clay yields decreased permeation compared to nascent calcium alginate film by approximately 2.5X. MMT clay amounts above 3% show a complicated clay concentration dependence, but were generally smaller than those of a calcium alginate film with 0% clay.
Advisors/Committee Members: Mark, Dr. James E.
Subjects: Chemistry, Polymer
Keywords: alginate, montmorillonite, membrane
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